Energy Efficient Proactive Routing Scheme for Enabling Reliable Communication in Underwater Internet of Things

• Published in: IEEE transactions on network science and engineering Vol. 8; no. 4; pp. 2934 - 2945
• Main Authors: Draz, Umar, Ali, Amjad, Bilal, Muhammad, Ali, Tariq, Iftikhar, Muhammad Aksam, Jolfaei, Alireza, Suh, Doug Young
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.10.2021; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Aqueous environments; Collision avoidance; Delays; energy efficiency; Internet of Things; proactive routing; Quality of service; Reliability; reliable communication; Routing protocols; Sensors; Throughput; Underwater communication; Underwater Internet of Things; void hole problem; watchman node; Wireless sensor networks
• ISSN: 2327-4697; 2334-329X
• DOI: 10.1109/TNSE.2021.3109421

The Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) is a network of smart interconnected devices operating under various aqueous environments. In UIoT, due to aqueous feature of signal absorption, data signals are transmitted at low frequency. Similarly, significant interference and collisions degrade transmission quality, resulting in a low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and a long End-to-End (E2E) delay. Moreover, a significant amount of energy is being wasted due to the void hole problem, which arises when the source node does not identify an instant forwarder node. Thus, a reliable communication with enhanced network lifetime is highly desired in UIoT. Therefore, this work proposes a proactive energy Efficient Layer-by-Layer Watchman-based Collision Free Routing (ELW-CFR) scheme to address the above mentioned issues. The proposed scheme provides the low E2E delay and high PDR while avoiding the void hole problem. Extensive simulations have been performed to show the performance superiority of the proposed scheme against the state-of-the-art schemes.