Improving Performance for Flash-Based Storage Systems through GC-Aware Cache Management

• Published in: IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems Vol. 28; no. 10; pp. 2852 - 2865
• Main Authors: Wu, Suzhen, Mao, Bo, Lin, Yanping, Jiang, Hong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.10.2017; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Buffers; cache management; Caching; Chips; Computer science; Computer simulation; Data storage; Energy storage; Flash storage; Garbage; Garbage collection; High performance computing; Interference; Memory management; Performance enhancement; Performance evaluation; Program processors; Sanitation services; Solid state devices; solid state drive; Storage systems; Time factors; Writing
• ISSN: 1045-9219; 1558-2183
• DOI: 10.1109/TPDS.2017.2692757

Flash-based SSDs have been extensively deployed in modern storage systems to satisfy the increasing demand of storage performance and energy efficiency. However, Garbage Collection (GC) is an important performance concern for flash-based SSDs, because it tends to disrupt the normal operations of an SSD. This problem continues to plague flash-based storage systems, particularly in the high performance computing and enterprise environment. An important root cause for this problem, as revealed by previous studies, is the serious contention for the flash resources and the severe mutually adversary interference between the user I/O requests and GC-induced I/O requests. The on-board buffer cache within SSDs serves to play an essential role in smoothing the gap between the upper-level applications and the lower-level flash chips and alleviating this problem to some extend. Nevertheless, the existing cache replacement algorithms are well optimized to reduce the miss rate of the buffer cache by reducing the I/O traffic to the flash chips as much as possible, but without considering the GC operations within the flash chips. Consequently, they fail to address the root cause of the problem and thus are far from being sufficient and effective in reducing the expensive I/O traffic to the flash chips that are in the GC state. To address this important performance issue in flash-based storage systems, particularly in the HPC and enterprise environment, we propose a Garbage Collection aware Replacement policy, called GCaR, to improve the performance of flash-based SSDs. The basic idea is to give higher priority to caching the data blocks belonging to the flash chips that are in the GC state. This substantially lessens the contentions between the user I/O operations and the GC-induced I/O operations. To verify the effectiveness of GCaR, we have integrated it into the SSD extended Disksim simulator. The simulation results show that GCaR can significantly improve the storage performance by up to 40.7 percent in terms of the average response times.