A 77-GHz 8RX3TX Transceiver for 250-m Long-Range Automotive Radar in 40-nm CMOS Technology

• Published in: IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol. 56; no. 5; pp. 1332 - 1344
• Main Authors: Arai, Tomoyuki, Usugi, Tatsunori, Murakami, Tomotoshi, Kishimoto, Shuya, Utagawa, Yoshiyuki, Kohtani, Masato, Ando, Ikuma, Matsunaga, Kazuhiro, Arai, Chihiro, Yamaura, Shinji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.05.2021; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: and temperature (PVT); Automotive; Automotive radar; Calibration; CMOS; Continuous radiation; Crystal oscillators; frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW); long-range radar (LRR); Lookup tables; MIMO (control systems); mm-wave; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); noise figure (NF); Phase locked loops; process supply; Radar; Radar detection; Radar imaging; Receivers; Self tests; Temperature compensation; Temperature sensors; Time division multiplexing; Transceivers; Transmitters; voltage
• ISSN: 0018-9200; 1558-173X
• DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2021.3050306

An automotive 77-GHz long-range radar (LRR) with an 8-channel receiver (RX) and a 3-channel transmitter (TX) in 40-nm CMOS technology is presented. It integrates a 38.5-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL), a transmitter power detector (DET) and power calibration loop, a crystal oscillator (XO), built-in-self-test (BIST) circuits, an SRAM, an eFuse, a temperature compensation calibration loop with a lookup table (LUT) and a temperature sensor, a serial peripheral interface (SPI), and a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) control logic. The receiver shows a noise figure (NF) of 8.7 dB and input-referred 1-dB compression point (IP1-dB) of −7.4 dBm. The NF and IP1-dB under the worst conditions are 14 dB and −10 dBm, respectively. The transmitter shows output power of 14.1 dBm and phase noise of −116 dBc/Hz at a 12.5-MHz offset frequency, which corresponds to the frequency of 250-m objects for the fast-chirp frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The proposed radar module utilizes two transmitter channels for horizontal detection. A 2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times </tex-math></inline-formula> 8 time-division-multiplexing MIMO (TDM-MIMO) technique provides a detection range of 250 m.