Machine learning based topology optimization of fiber orientation for variable stiffness composite structures

• Published in: International journal for numerical methods in engineering Vol. 122; no. 22; pp. 6736 - 6755
• Main Authors: Xu, Yanan, Gao, Yunkai, Wu, Chi, Fang, Jianguang, Sun, Guangyong, Steven, Grant P., Li, Qing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 30.11.2021; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Active learning; artificial neural networks; Carbon fiber reinforced plastics; Composite structures; Fiber orientation; Finite element method; Machine learning; Mathematical analysis; Neural networks; Optimization; Stiffness; Topology optimization; topology optimization; Training
• ISSN: 0029-5981; 1097-0207
• DOI: 10.1002/nme.6809

This study proposes a machine learning (ML) based approach for optimizing fiber orientations of variable stiffness carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) structures, where neural networks are developed to estimate the objective function and analytical sensitivities with respect to design variables as a substitute for finite element analysis (FEA). To reduce the number of training samples and improve the regression accuracy, an active learning strategy is implemented by successively supplying effective samples along with the suboptimal process. After proper training of neural networks, a quasi‐global search strategy can be applied by implementing a large number of initial designs as starting points in the optimization. In this article, a mathematical example is first presented to show the superiority of the active learning strategy. Then a benchmark design example of a CFRP plate is scrutinized to compare the proposed ML‐based with the conventional FEA‐based discrete material optimization (DMO) method. Finally, topology optimization of fiber orientations is performed for design of a CFRP engine hood, in which the structural performance generated from the proposed ML‐based approach achieves 12.62% improvement compared with that obtained from the conventional single‐initial design method. This article is anticipated to demonstrate a new alternative for design of fiber‐reinforced composite structures.