High level of HIV viral suppression in a cross-sectional study of Ugandan men with urethritis and bacterial STI

• Published in: International journal of STD & AIDS Vol. 34; no. 14; p. 998
• Main Authors: Beck, Evan J, Laeyendecker, Oliver, Saraf, Sharada, Ashokkumar, Swetha, Onzia, Annet, Melendez, Johan H, Chan, Justin, Kyambadde, Peter, Gough, Ethan, Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind, Manabe, Yukari C, Hamill, Matthew M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - epidemiology; Humans; Male; Phylogeny; Sexually Transmitted Diseases - epidemiology; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial; Uganda - epidemiology; Urethritis - epidemiology; Viral Load; Uganda; factors associated with HIV transmission; HIV viral suppression, urethral discharge syndrome; sexually transmitted infections; men; antiretroviral therapy resistance; Uganda; risk behaviours
• ISSN: 1758-1052
• DOI: 10.1177/09564624231193491

Urethritis associated with non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STI) increases the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission in those living with HIV (LWH) without viral load suppression (VLS). Compared to women, men typically have lower rates of HIV VLS. We assessed the prevalence of VLS and drug resistance mutations in men LWH and urethral discharge syndrome (UDS) in Kampala, Uganda. Men with UDS were recruited in Kampala October 2019-November 2020. Medical, demographic, and behavioural data were collected with biological samples. All reactive HIV results (rapid, sequential algorithm) underwent confirmatory HIV antibody- and HIV incidence-testing, and viral load (VL) measurement. The and regions were sequenced on samples with VLs >1000 cpm, phylogenetic trees were generated, and resistance mutations were investigated. 50 of 250 participants (20%) had reactive HIV rapid tests and 48/50 (96%) were aware of their HIV status and using antiretroviral therapy (ART). The median age was 38 years (IQR 32-45), 27/50 (54%) had engaged in transactional sex, and 30/50 (60%) reported alcohol before sex. VLS was present in 46/50 (92%). There were no major resistance mutations present in any samples analyzed. The prevalence of HIV and VLS was greater in these men than in the general Ugandan adult population. Most men LWH were on ART and thus less likely to transmit HIV despite demonstrating sexual behaviours associated with high-risk of STIs. These data emphasize that high levels of ART coverage and VLS are achievable among men with UDS in urban Kampala.