A new finding for the obesity paradox? Evaluation of the relationship between muscle and adipose tissue in nuclear grade prediction in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

• Published in: Acta radiologica (1987) Vol. 64; no. 4; p. 1659
• Main Authors: Demirel, Emin, Dilek, Okan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.04.2023
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue - diagnostic imaging; Adipose Tissue - pathology; Artificial Intelligence; Carcinoma, Renal Cell - diagnostic imaging; Carcinoma, Renal Cell - pathology; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Kidney Neoplasms - pathology; Muscles; Obesity - complications; Obesity Paradox; Retrospective Studies; Nucleus grade; adipose; obesity paradox; tomography; muscle
• ISSN: 1600-0455
• DOI: 10.1177/02841851221126358

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but paradoxically there is a positive association between obesity and surveillance. To investigate the relationship between nucleus grade classification and body composition in patients with matched co-morbid conditions with non-metastatic ccRCC. A total of 253 patients with non-metastatic ccRCC were included in the study. Body composition was assessed with abdominal computed tomography (CT) using an automated artificial intelligence software. Both adipose and muscle tissue parameters of the patients were calculated. In order to investigate the net effect of body composition, propensity score matching (PSM) procedure was applied over age, sex, and T stage parameters. In this way, selection bias and imbalance between groups were minimized. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association between body composition and WHO/ISUP grade (I-IV). When the body composition of the patients was examined without matching the conditions, it was found that the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) values were higher in patients with low grades (  = 0.001). Normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA) was higher in high-grade patients than low-grade patients (  < 0.05). In the post-matching evaluation, only SAT/NAMA was found to be associated with high-grade ccRCC (univariate analysis: odds ratio [OR]=0.899, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.817-0.988,  = 0.028; multivariate analysis: OR=0.922, 95% CI=0.901-0.974,  = 0.042). CT-based body composition parameters can be used as a prognostic marker in predicting nuclear grade when age, sex, and T stage match conditions. This finding offers a new perspective on the obesity paradox.