The contribution of pharmacogenetics to pharmacovigilance

Since the beginning of this century, information on pharmacogenetics appears in the summary of product characteristics (SPC) of drugs. Pharmacogenetic tests particularly concern the enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs, among which P450 cytochromes. Some patients known as poor metabolisers el...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inTherapie Vol. 71; no. 2; p. 223
Main Authors Bondon-Guitton, Emmanuelle, Despas, Fabien, Becquemont, Laurent
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published France 01.04.2016
Subjects
Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism
Dideoxynucleosides - adverse effects
Dideoxynucleosides - immunology
Drug Hypersensitivity - genetics
Drug Hypersensitivity - immunology
Drug Overdose - epidemiology
Drug Overdose - genetics
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions - epidemiology
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions - genetics
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions - immunology
Humans
Pharmacogenetics - methods
Pharmacovigilance
Pharmacogenetics
TPMT
UGT1A1
CYP2D6
DPYD
VKORC1/CYP2C9
Adverse drug reactions
Pharmacovigilance
CYP2C19
HLA
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Summary:Since the beginning of this century, information on pharmacogenetics appears in the summary of product characteristics (SPC) of drugs. Pharmacogenetic tests particularly concern the enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs, among which P450 cytochromes. Some patients known as poor metabolisers eliminate some drugs more slowly, causing overdoses and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The best-known examples are AVK and VKORC1-CYP2C9 or clopidogrel and CYP2C19. In the USA, the tests are recommended before the introduction of these drugs to prevent the occurrence of ADRs. Other tests are also commonly performed to address the toxicity of certain anticancer drugs (DPYD-capecitabine, UGT1A1-irinotecan, TPMT 6-mercaptopurine). Pharmacogenetic testing is also available to identify HLA loci that are very strongly associated with the occurrence of immuno-allergic reactions to a specific drug. The best-known example is HLA-B*5701, strongly associated with hypersensitivity to abacavir, and this test is now always prescribed before the instatement of this drug.
ISSN:0040-5957
DOI:10.1016/j.therap.2016.02.005