Computer versus longhand note taking: Influence of revision

• Published in: Instructional science Vol. 51; no. 2; pp. 251 - 284
• Main Authors: Flanigan, Abraham E., Kiewra, Kenneth A., Lu, Junrong, Dzhuraev, Dzhovid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.04.2023; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Academic Achievement; Achievement; College Instruction; College Students; Computer Uses in Education; Computers; Education; Educational Psychology; Educational technology; Exchange programs; Handwriting; Keyboarding; Learning and Instruction; Lecture Method; Note taking; Notetaking; Original Research; Pedagogic Psychology; Revision (Written Composition); Scores; Student Attitudes; Note taking; Computers; Learning environments; College success; Lecture learning
• ISSN: 0020-4277; 1573-1952
• DOI: 10.1007/s11251-022-09605-5

Many college students believe that typing lecture notes on computers produces better notes and higher achievement than handwritten lecture notes on paper. The few studies investigating computer versus longhand note taking yielded mixed note-taking and achievement findings. The present study investigated computer versus longhand note taking but permitted note takers to revise or recopy notes during pauses interspersed throughout the lecture. Moreover, the present study analyzed notes recorded while a lecture was ongoing and following revision pauses to determine if lecture ideas and images were recorded completely or partially. Findings did not support the belief that computers aid note taking and achievement and, instead, favored longhand note taking and revision. Computer and longhand note takers recorded a comparable number of complete and partial ideas in notes while the lecture was ongoing, but longhand note takers recorded more lecture images. Among note revisers, longhand note takers added three-times-as-many complete ideas to their notes during revision as computer note takers—an important finding because note completeness predicted achievement. Achievement results showed that longhand note takers who revised notes scored more than half a letter grade higher on a lecture posttest than computer note takers who revised notes. Present findings suggest that college instructors should provide students with revision pauses to improve note taking and achievement and encourage students to record and revise notes using the longhand method. Finally, regarding the computer versus longhand note-taking debate, the need to investigate further the interplay between note-taking medium and lesson material is discussed.