Effects of ultrasound on the prenatal development of the rat. Part 1. 3.2 MHz continuous wave at nine days of gestation

Individual nine-day rat embryos were exposed for 5 or 15 minutes to graded intensities of well-characterized focused beams of 3.2 MHz continuous wave ultrasound. Fetuses were examined for effects at 20 days of gestation. Analysis of the exposure-response relationships indicates an "apparent thr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of clinical ultrasound Vol. 4; no. 5; p. 357
Main Authors Sikov, M R, Hildebrand, B P
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.10.1976
Subjects
Animals
Congenital Abnormalities - etiology
Female
Fetal Death - etiology
Fetal Diseases - etiology
Fetus - physiology
Gestational Age
Pregnancy
Rats
Ultrasonics - adverse effects
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Summary:Individual nine-day rat embryos were exposed for 5 or 15 minutes to graded intensities of well-characterized focused beams of 3.2 MHz continuous wave ultrasound. Fetuses were examined for effects at 20 days of gestation. Analysis of the exposure-response relationships indicates an "apparent threshold" for prenatal mortality at 3 W/cm2 (95 per cent fiducial limits 0.5-6 W/cm2). Fetal size was unaffected at any exposure level and there were only a few malformations, which occured at 10.5 W/cm2 and above.
ISSN:0091-2751
DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870040510