Rapid, low-cost determination of Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ using a cellulose paper-based sensor and UV–vis method with silver nanoparticles synthesized with S. mammosum

• Published in: Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research Vol. 45; p. 100680
• Main Authors: Pilaquinga, Fernanda, Morey, Jeroni, Duel, Paulino, Yánez-Jácome, Gabriela S., Chuisaca-Londa, Esthefanía, Guzmán, Karen, Caiza, Jazel, Tapia, Melanny, Debut, Alexis, Vizuete, Karla, Piña, María de las Nieves
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.08.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: AgNPs; Cellulose; Copper; Iron; Mercury; Removal; Sensor; Solanum mammosum; Removal; UV–Vis; Cellulose; AgNPs; Solanum mammosum; Iron; XRD; Copper; Mercury; TEM; Sensor
• ISSN: 2214-1804; 2214-1804
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100680

As water effluents are often highly contaminated with metals, having a quick and cost-effective method of analysis is crucial. This study used the supernatant derived from the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Solanum mammosum to detect mercury, copper, and iron with a low-cost cellulose paper-based sensor and a rapid colorimetric method applying ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). AgNPs in two precursor concentrations using silver nitrate, 1 mM (17.4 ± 9 nm) and 50 mM (and 22 ± 8.1 nm), were utilized to assess the efficacy of the analysis and removal of Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ from contaminated water. Cellulose paper-based sensor showed limits of detection (LODs) for Hg2+ of 2.46 and 123 μM using AgNPs at concentrations of 1 and 50 mM, respectively. For Cu2+, the LODs were 55 and 2750 μM, and for Fe3+, the LODs were 49  and 2470 μM using the respective concentrations. To differentiate and detect the cations with the naked eye, a potassium iodide and potassium ferrocyanide (1:1) aqueous solution was used, producing a yellow, pink, and blue color for Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+, respectively. Additionally, the titration curves of Hg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ were examined by UV–Vis using the supernatant liquid. The LODs for the UV–Vis method using AgNPs at a concentration of 1 mM were 1.50 μM for Hg2+, 10.7 μM for Cu2+, and 4.33 μM for Fe3+, while the LODs for AgNPs at 50 mM were 5.75, 27.6, and 15 μM for Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+, respectively. Furthermore, these nanoparticles were utilized to assess the efficacy of the removal of Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ from contaminated water. Removal efficiency with the solid 50 mM AgNPs was analyzed via flame absorption spectrophotometry; values over 95% were obtained for the three ions. The results underscore the effectiveness of a green synthesis approach to generating AgNPs, enabling efficient and economical cation analysis and water decontamination. The study used S. mammosum plant-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to detect metals in water using cellulose paper-based sensors and UV–Vis spectroscopy, demonstrating efficiency in the economical detection and removal of contaminants Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+. [Display omitted]