Chemical, plant and microbial mediated synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles: antimicrobial and anticancer potency

• Published in: Brazilian journal of chemical engineering Vol. 40; no. 4; pp. 965 - 991
• Main Authors: Ifijen, Ikhazuagbe H., Ikhuoria, Esther U., Omorogbe, Stanley O., Anegbe, Bala, Jonathan, Eribe M., Chikaodili, Dorris I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Review; Nanoparticles; Antimicrobial; Anticancer; Tin oxide
• ISSN: 0104-6632; 1678-4383
• DOI: 10.1007/s43153-023-00315-0

Health issues caused by the action of bacteria and cancer cells in humans have led to so many deaths. The remedies used in tackling these diseases are impeded by concurrent resistance to multiple drugs. Also, existing chemotherapy routes for treating cancer cells have several challenges such as cytotoxicity, lack of specificity, stem-like cells growth and induction of multi-drug resistance. As a consequence, there is an earnest and urgent necessity to generate novel therapeutics that can subdue these challenges. The mesmerizing properties of nano-scale tin oxides have been established to be suitable as antibacterial and anticancer agents. This review summarizes the up-to-date chemical, plant, microbial mediated synthetic approaches and their antimicrobial and anticancer applications of tin oxide nanoparticles. Due to their ease of synthesis and extraordinary tunability of their features, tin oxide nanostructures have shown to be appealing for a variety of excellent applications. If the reaction conditions are carefully managed, all of the procedures described can result in products with the appropriate shape, allowing for a wide variety of hybrid materials. Tin oxide nanostructures have been proven to have antibacterial and anticancer effects, however due to their cut-off wavelength, they have never been used as a cancer photothermal therapy agent. Tin oxide-based materials are currently the subject of advanced research, which may hasten the use of nanoparticles in drug formulation that may be made available to the public in the near future.