Constrained Optimization of Multicast Routing for Wide Area Control of Smart Grid

• Published in: IEEE transactions on smart grid Vol. 10; no. 4; pp. 3801 - 3808
• Main Authors: Li, Xiaohui, Tian, Yu-Chu, Ledwich, Gerard, Mishra, Yateendra, Han, Xiaoqing, Zhou, Chunjie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.07.2019; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Bandwidth; Bandwidths; communication; Computer simulation; Constraints; Control stability; delay; Delays; multicast routing; Multicasting; Optimization; Packets (communication); Phasor measurement units; Real time; Routing; Smart grid; Smart grids; wide area control; Wide area networks
• ISSN: 1949-3053; 1949-3061
• DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2835487

Wide area control (WAC) is highly desirable for maintaining the stability of large-scale smart grid. It requires the support of real-time data communications with low latency, which leads to the consideration of the multicast technique for routing of data packets of various measurements, control signals, and commands. While the feasibility of multicast in WAC communications has been investigated, there is a lack of a general framework to formulate and solve the multicast routing problem, particularly for WAC. To tackle this problem, this paper presents a systematic approach to constrained optimization of multicast routing in WAC over wide area networks (WANs) with a publish-subscribe architecture. To fulfil the requirements of real-time WAC communications, the optimization is formulated to minimize the end-to-end delay over WANs subject to bandwidth constraints. Then, the constrained optimization is solved theoretically by using Lagrangian Relaxation. The theoretic results are implemented in an iterative bandwidth-constrained minimum Steiner tree algorithm. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the approach presented in this paper.