Electrochemical nitrite sensing employing palladium oxide–reduced graphene oxide (PdO-RGO) nanocomposites: application to food and environmental samples

• Published in: Ionics Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 927 - 938
• Main Authors: Salagare, Shridevi, Adarakatti, Prashanth S., Venkataramanappa, Yarradoddappa, Almalki, Abdulraheem S. A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2022
• Subjects: Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Condensed Matter Physics; Electrochemistry; Energy Storage; Optical and Electronic Materials; Original Paper; Renewable and Green Energy; Palladium oxide; Nanocomposite; Nitrite; Electrochemical sensor; Graphene
• ISSN: 0947-7047; 1862-0760
• DOI: 10.1007/s11581-021-04355-9

The goal of this study is to come up with a low-cost, simple, sensitive and selective three-electrode electrochemical nitrite sensor that can operate at room temperature in normal conditions. The in situ chemical solution approach and the modified Hummer’s method were used to make palladium oxide–reduced graphene oxide (PdO-RGO) nanocomposites. There are a number of factors to consider, including surface, pattern, particle dimension and bonding. Nanoparticles of palladium oxide (PdO) have been successfully linked to a homogeneous two-dimensional network of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets, resulting in a large surface area for nitrite adsorption. The surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed aggregates of PdO nanoparticles with a variety of irregular RGO nanosheets equally scattered over the surface. Furthermore, the PdO-RGO modified graphite electrode was utilized to determine the nitrite content in a linear range of 10–1500 µM with a limit of detection (3σ) of 10.14 µM under ideal conditions. The electrode sensitivity was found to be 0.02 μA μM −1  cm −2 and it has a great degree of consistency. Graphical abstract Pictorial representation of the electrocatalytic oxidation of NO 2 − to NO 3 − at the palladium oxide–reduced graphene oxide (PdO-RGO) nanocomposite interface