A Generalized Model for the Optimal Operation of Microgrids in Grid-Connected and Islanded Droop-Based Mode

In this paper, a new and generalized model for the optimal operation of microgrids is presented. The proposed mathematical model considers both the grid-connected (GC) and islanded (IS) operational modes. First, a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) formulation is introduced, modeling the m...

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Published inIEEE transactions on smart grid Vol. 10; no. 5; pp. 5032 - 5045
Main Authors Vergara, Pedro P., Rey, Juan M., Lopez, Juan C., Rider, Marcos J., da Silva, Luiz C.P., Shaker, Hamid R., Jorgensen, Bo N.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Piscataway IEEE 01.09.2019
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Batteries
convex optimization
Distributed generation
droop control
Electric potential
Electric power distribution
Electric power grids
Energy storage
Frequency control
grid-connected operation
islanded operation
Linear programming
Mathematical model
Mathematical models
Microgrids
Mixed integer
Model testing
Nonlinear programming
optimal power flow
Planning
Reactive power
Solvers
Voltage
Voltage control
Wind turbines
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Summary:In this paper, a new and generalized model for the optimal operation of microgrids is presented. The proposed mathematical model considers both the grid-connected (GC) and islanded (IS) operational modes. First, a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) formulation is introduced, modeling the microgrid as an unbalanced ac three-phase electrical distribution system, comprising distributed generator (DG) units, battery systems and wind turbines. In GC mode, the frequency and the voltage magnitude references are imposed by the main grid at the point of common couple, while in IS mode, it is assumed that the DG units operate with droop control. Additionally, a set of convexification procedures are introduced in order to approximate the original MINLP model into a new convex formulation that can be solved using commercial solvers. The proposed model has been tested in a 25-bus microgrid for different scenarios, including one where a degradation of the voltage magnitude reference is observed. Results show that the proposed model is able to properly define the operational mode of the microgrid, based on the technical constraints of the system.
ISSN:1949-3053
1949-3061
DOI:10.1109/TSG.2018.2873411