2D Ti2C (MXene) as a novel highly efficient and selective agent for photothermal therapy

• Published in: Materials Science & Engineering C Vol. 98; pp. 874 - 886
• Main Authors: Szuplewska, Aleksandra, Kulpińska, Dominika, Dybko, Artur, Jastrzębska, Agnieszka Maria, Wojciechowski, Tomasz, Rozmysłowska, Anita, Chudy, Michał, Grabowska-Jadach, Ilona, Ziemkowska, Wanda, Brzózka, Zbigniew, Olszyna, Andrzej
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Elsevier B.V 01.05.2019; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: 2D Ti2C MXenes; Ablation; Aluminum; Anticancer therapy; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Biomedical materials; Cancer; Chemical analysis; Conversion coating; Etching; Light-to-heat conversion; Materials science; Microscopy; MXenes; Organic chemistry; Photoelectron spectroscopy; Photoelectrons; Photothermal conversion; Photothermal therapy; Polyethylene glycol; Scanning electron microscopy; Therapy; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; 2D Ti2C MXenes; Photothermal therapy; Anticancer therapy; Biological activity; Light-to-heat conversion
• ISSN: 0928-4931; 1873-0191
• DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.021

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has shown significant potential for anti-cancer modality. In this report, according to our best knowledge, we explore for the first time Ti2C-based MXene as a novel, highly efficient and selective agent for photothermal therapy (PTT). Ti2C superficially modified with PEG was obtained from the layered, commercially available Ti2AlC MAX phase in the process of etching aluminum layers using concentrated HF, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA-XPS). The PEG-coated Ti2C flakes showed a satisfactory photothermal conversion efficacy (PTCE) and good biocompatibility in wide range of the tested concentrations. Through in vitro studies, the PEG-modified Ti2C demonstrated notable NIR-induced ability to cancerous cells' ablation with minimal impact on non-malignant cells up to the concentration of 37.5 μg mL−1. The applied doses of Ti2C_PEG in our work were even 24 times lower comparing other MXene-based photothermal agents. This work is expected to expand the utility of 2D MXenes to biomedical applications through the development of entirely novel agents for photothermal therapy. This work is expected to expand the utility of 2D MXenes to biomedical applications through the development of entirely novel agents for photothermal therapy. [Display omitted] •Ti2C MXene superficially modified with PEG was obtained and characterized.•The PEG-coated Ti2C showed a satisfactory photothermal conversion efficacy (PTCE).•The tested material is biocompatible in wide range of the tested concentrations.•The PEG-modified Ti2C demonstrated notable NIR-induced ability to cancerous cells' ablation.•The MXenes' influence on non-malignant cells up to the concentration of 37.5 μg mL–1 was minimal.