Portable Electrochemiluminescence Platform With Laser-Induced Graphene-Based U-Shaped Bipolar Electrode for Selective Sensing of Various Analytes

• Published in: IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol. 68; no. 5; pp. 2447 - 2454
• Main Authors: Bhaiyya, Manish, Pattnaik, Prasant Kumar, Goel, Sanket
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.05.2021; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide lasers; Chemicals; Choline; CO₂ laser; Electrochemiluminescence; electrochemiluminescence (ECL); Fabrication; Glucose; Graphene; Hydrogen peroxide; Laser ablation; laser-induced graphene (LIG); Lasers; Microchannels; Microfluidics; polyimide (PI); Power lasers; sensor; Sensors; Smartphones; Three dimensional printing; U-bipolar electrode (BPE)
• ISSN: 0018-9383; 1557-9646
• DOI: 10.1109/TED.2021.3066083

In recent years, rising need of microfluidics-based point-of-care devices has led to cost-effective solutions at or near the location of patients. With this motivation, herein, laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system loaded with U-shaped bipolar electrode (U-BPE) has been developed and its application for enzymeless sensing of various biomarkers has been validated. Low-cost and easily available flexible polyimide (PI) sheet has been effectively used for the fabrication of LIG U-BPE ECL device. With optimized speed and power, the ablation of CO 2 laser on PI has been carried out to create graphenized driving electrodes and U-BPE in a single step. A cost-effective and portable 3-D printed platform has been developed for image sensing of ECL signals. The bulky power supply was effectively replaced by a dual-functional android smartphone to provide power to the LIG U-BPE ECL sensor and to capture the ECL signals. With this mini-platform, determination of various analytes, such as H 2 O 2 , D-glucose, lactate, and choline, has been accomplished in a linear range of 0.1-50, 0.1-70, 1-100, and 1-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">100~\mu \text{M} </tex-math></inline-formula> with limit of detection (LOD) of 4.36, 2.51, 5.32, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">4.01~\mu \text{M} </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. An interference study has been performed and it was found that after adding interfering compounds in analytes, ECL signal intensity was reduced to less than 5%. Hence, it was proven that LIG U-BPE ECL device was very selective to different analytes concerning to their voltages.