Practical Current Distribution Measurement Systems for Lead Cells

• Published in: IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement Vol. 68; no. 9; pp. 3151 - 3165
• Main Authors: Harrison, Harry. T., Stone, David. A., Green, James. E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.09.2019; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Batteries; Battery charge measurement; Complexity; Current distribution; electrochemical devices; Electrodes; Electrolytic cells; inverse problems; Lead; Lead acid batteries; magnetic cores; Magnetic measurement; magnetic sensors; Sensor arrays; Tomography; Transducers
• ISSN: 0018-9456; 1557-9662
• DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2018.2876016

In this paper, the current distribution of an experimental lead cell is estimated using two methods and the results are compared. Noninvasive measurements are obtained using our magnetic tomography system, consisting of an array of magnetic sensors and a solver algorithm that is specially adapted for application to lead cells. Verification of this magnetic tomography system is achieved by comparing the results with data from a new invasive measurement instrument also reported in this paper. This new instrument is an array of ferrous cored current transducers submerged in the cell electrolyte, providing a direct spatially and temporally resolved measurement of the ionic current in a lead cell. Comparisons between the techniques and data are drawn. The new flowthrough internal sensor array has been designed specifically for this application and represents an improvement over a similar system reported in the literature. In addition, some auxiliary features of the experimental setup are designed to enable useful magnetic measurements to be taken by minimizing the complexity of the setup, and therefore the complexity of the models needed to interpret the data. Example results are presented for a typical automotive lead cell operating at a low state of charge and in a fatigued condition, to demonstrate the ability of both measurement systems to produce spatially and temporally resolved images of current distribution. The methods are evaluated, and the future work is recommended.