Multicell Massive MIMO: Downlink Rate Analysis With Linear Processing Under Ricean Fading

• Published in: IEEE transactions on vehicular technology Vol. 68; no. 4; pp. 3777 - 3791
• Main Authors: Jin, Si-Nian, Yue, Dian-Wu, Nguyen, Ha H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.04.2019; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Antennas; Beamforming; beamforming training; Bernoulli's inequality; Channel estimation; Closed form solutions; Communication channels; Downlink; downlink transmission; Exact solutions; Fading; Lower bounds; Massive MIMO; Mathematical analysis; MIMO communication; multicell; Pilots; Rayleigh channels; Ricean fading; Scaling laws; Signal processing; Signal to noise ratio
• ISSN: 0018-9545; 1939-9359
• DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2902014

This paper investigates the downlink (DL) rate of multicell massive multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output systems over Ricean fading channels that takes into account channel estimation errors. To acquire channel state information at all users, beamforming training (BT) is examined. Considering both maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and zero forcing, this paper derives closed-form expressions on the lower bound of the achievable rates for two cases, with or without BT. With the obtained expressions, Bernoulli's inequality is invoked to find the ranges for the length of DL pilots such that the sum spectral efficiency of the scheme with BT is superior to that of the scheme without BT, and vice versa. Various power scaling laws concerning DL data and pilot transmit powers and uplink pilot transmit power are analyzed. Numerical results corroborate the accuracy of the closed-form expressions. In particular, the results show that employing BT with MRT processing is only preferred in environments having a high signal-to-noise ratio, low mobility, and small Ricean K-factors.