Differential role of sphingomyelin in influenza virus, rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Calu-3 cells

Host cell lipids play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of respiratory virus infection. However, a direct comparison of the lipidomic profile of influenza virus and rhinovirus infections is lacking. In this study, we first compared the lipid profile of influenza virus and rhinovirus infection in a...

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Published inJournal of general virology Vol. 102; no. 5
Main Authors Dissanayake, Thrimendra Kaushika, Yan, Bingpeng, Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki, Zhao, Hanjun, Chan, Gabriella, Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan, Sze, Kong-Hung, To, Kelvin Kai-Wang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England 01.05.2021
Subjects
Animals
Bronchial Diseases - virology
Cell Line
COVID-19 - drug therapy
Dogs
Epithelial Cells - virology
Humans
Influenza, Human
Lipidomics
Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
Orthomyxoviridae - drug effects
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - drug therapy
Rhinovirus - drug effects
SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects
Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase
Sphingomyelins - pharmacology
Virus Replication - drug effects
influenza
sphingomyelinase
sphingomyelin
SARS-CoV-2
rhinovirus
lipidomics
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Summary:Host cell lipids play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of respiratory virus infection. However, a direct comparison of the lipidomic profile of influenza virus and rhinovirus infections is lacking. In this study, we first compared the lipid profile of influenza virus and rhinovirus infection in a bronchial epithelial cell line. Most lipid features were downregulated for both influenza virus and rhinovirus, especially for the sphingomyelin features. Pathway analysis showed that sphingolipid metabolism was the most perturbed pathway. Functional study showed that bacterial sphingomyelinase suppressed influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication, but promoted rhinovirus replication. These findings suggest that sphingomyelin pathway can be a potential target for antiviral therapy, but should be carefully evaluated as it has opposite effects on different respiratory viruses. Furthermore, the differential effect of sphingomyelinase on rhinovirus and influenza virus may explain the interference between rhinovirus and influenza virus infection.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ISSN:0022-1317
1465-2099
DOI:10.1099/jgv.0.001593