Soot modeling in the numerical simulation of buoyant diffusion flames and fires—A review

• Published in: Fire safety journal Vol. 150; p. 104279
• Main Authors: Motaghian, Shahrooz, Beji, Tarek
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2024
• Subjects: Computational fluid dynamics; fire safety; Laminar diffusion flames; mathematical models; Radiation modeling; soot; Soot modeling; Turbulent sooty buoyant flames; Laminar diffusion flames; Soot modeling; Computational fluid dynamics; Turbulent sooty buoyant flames; Radiation modeling
• ISSN: 0379-7112
• DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104279

In this paper, the major soot modeling approaches used in the numerical simulation of buoyant turbulent flames and fires are reviewed. In the context of soot modeling in fire dynamics simulations, the constraints are discussed and linked to the development of suitable soot models. Since soot models have always been developed and evaluated using laminar flames, the genesis of soot models used for turbulent buoyant flames is discussed in detail in the context of laminar flames at first. One of the important subjects of semi-empirical soot models is the calibration of constants. In this study, the calibration and possible re-calibration of soot modeling expressions in later studies are comprehensively investigated. Afterward, the recent studies on the numerical simulations of turbulent sooty buoyant flames are reviewed and the utilized sub-modeling approaches are discussed. •Soot models applied to the simulation of laminar buoyant flames are reviewed.•The potential application of the reviewed soot models in fire simulations is discussed.•The details about calibration and evaluation of the relevant soot models are presented.•The sub-models applied the simulation of sooty turbulent flames and fires are covered.•The model selection for each sub-model in recent studies is reviewed.