Low HO-1 and high KEAP1 serum levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : the first clinical study

• Published in: Anadolu psikiyatri dergisi Vol. 21; no. 3; pp. 319 - 326
• Main Authors: Ayaydın, Hamza, Koyuncu, İsmail, Çelik, Hakim, Kirmit, Adnan, Akaltun, İsmail, Takatak, Hatice
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sivas ESFORM Ofset Ltd 01.06.2020; Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior disorders; Child & adolescent psychiatry; Children & youth; Comorbidity; Felsefe & Psikoloji & Sosyoloji; Free radicals; Head injuries; Homeostasis; Hyperactivity; Mental disorders; Oxidative stress; Parents & parenting; Patients; Proteins; Psychiatrists; Sociodemographics; Studies; Sivas; Türkiye; Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; NRF2; KEAP1; oksidatif stres; heme oxygenase-1; oxidative stress; hem oksijenaz-1
• ISSN: 1302-6631
• DOI: 10.5455/apd.57536

Objective: The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate serum heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to reveal their association with the severity of ADHD. Methods: The patient group consisted of 41 children aged 6–12 years, first diagnosed with ADHD and the control group consisted of 34 age- and gender- matched children. ADHD was diagnosed by child psychiatrists during clinical interviews based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The parents of the children in the ADHD group were also given the Turgay DSM-IV-based Disruptive Behavior Disorders Child and Adolescent Rating and Screening Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). Serum HO-1, KEAP1, and NRF2 levels were determined in the biochemistry laboratory using the ELISA technique. Results: HO-1 levels in the patient group were significantly lower than in the control group, while KEAP1 levels were significantly higher, but no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of NRF2 (p=0.041, p<0.001, p=0.290, respectively). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed no significant relation between inattention scores and HO-1, KEAP1 or NRF2, (r=-0.197, p=0.224; r=0.005, p=0.976; r=0.274, p=0.088, respectively). Discussion: Low HO-1 and high KEAP1 levels in the patient group suggest that oxidative stress increased in this group, but that HO-1 levels were unable to balance this.