Emerging Membrane Technologies for Water and Energy Sustainability: Future Prospects, Constraints and Challenges

[...]major concerns about carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in traditional fossil fuel-based power generation has paved the way for several sustainable energy sources such as wind and solar, along with CO2 capture and sequestration technologies [10,11,12,13]. Some of the membrane-based approaches that...

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Published inEnergies (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 2997
Main Authors Sagar, Roy, Ragunath, Smruti
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2018
Subjects
Adaptability
Alcohol
Alternative energy sources
Aquifers
Arid zones
Batteries
Biodiesel fuels
Bioreactors
Carbon dioxide
Desalination
Drinking water
Economic development
Economic growth
Energy
Energy consumption
Energy industry
Energy resources
Energy sources
Ethanol
Fresh water
Fuel cells
Fuel technology
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
membrane
Membrane reactors
Membranes
Nuclear fuels
Polar environments
Renewable resources
Reverse osmosis
Sustainability
Sustainable development
Vacuum distillation
Water reclamation
Water scarcity
water treatment
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Summary:[...]major concerns about carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in traditional fossil fuel-based power generation has paved the way for several sustainable energy sources such as wind and solar, along with CO2 capture and sequestration technologies [10,11,12,13]. Some of the membrane-based approaches that are currently adapted at an industrial scale include desalination by reverse osmosis (RO), membrane-based bioreactors (MBR) for pure water generation, lithium-ion batteries, and membrane-based fuel cells and CO2 capture [16,17,18,19]. Besides addressing the concerns related to energy demands and water scarcity, membrane technologies meet the criteria for sustainability in terms of feasibility, flexibility and adaptability. The majority of the global reserves of water is saline and only 2.5% is available as fresh water. [...]only 0.007% of the total available stock is directly accessible for human use, as a major portion of the fresh water stock is either frozen in polar regions or difficult to access as remote aquifers [23,24]. [...]desalination and water reclamation is of utmost importance for securing localized water reserves for many arid regions and to meet the needs of our growing population [24].
ISSN:1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en11112997