A Review: Radar Remote-Based Gait Identification Methods and Techniques

• Published in: Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 7; p. 1282
• Main Authors: Figueiredo, Bruno, Frazão, Álvaro, Rouco, André, Soares, Beatriz, Albuquerque, Daniel, Pinho, Pedro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 03.04.2025
• Subjects: Accuracy; Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural networks; Biometric identification; Biometrics; Continuous radiation; continuous-wave radar; Feature extraction; Fourier transforms; Frequency dependence; Frequency modulation; frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar; Gait; gait-based identification; Identification methods; Methods; Neural networks; Principal components analysis; Radar; Radar detection; Radar systems; Reviews; Sensors; Signal processing; Support vector machines; Trends; ultra-wideband radar; Ultrawideband; Walking; Portugal
• ISSN: 2072-4292; 2072-4292
• DOI: 10.3390/rs17071282

Human identification using gait as a biometric feature has gained significant attention in recent years, showing notable advancements in medical fields and security. A review of recent developments in remote radar-based gait identification is presented in this article, focusing on the methods used, the classifiers employed, trends and gaps in the literature. Particularly, recent trends highlight the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the extraction and classification of features, while key gaps remain in the area of multi-subject detection. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the techniques used to implement such systems over the past 7 years, including a summary of the scientific publications reviewed. Several key factors are compared to determine the most suitable radar for remote gait-based identification, including accuracy, operating frequency, bandwidth, dataset, range, detection, feature extraction, size and number of features extracted, multiple subject detection, radar modules used, AI used and their properties, and the testing environment. Based on the study, it was determined that Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radars were more accurate than Continuous-Wave (CW) radars and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radars in this field. Despite the fact that FMCW is the most closely related radar to real-world scenarios, it still has some limitations in terms of multi-subject identification and open-set scenarios. In addition, the study indicates that simpler AI techniques, such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), are more effective at improving results.