Food consumption of children enrolled in five municipal schools according to socio-demographics characteristics

ABSTRACT Objective To describe children food consumption in the five municipal schools in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and their main characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional study of children enrolled in five municipal schools. The mothers were interviewed at the school. The questionnaire about habi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inRevista de nutrição Vol. 33
Main Authors LINHARES, Angélica Ozorio, CLEFF, Mariana Marins, VIANA, Manuela Ferreira, NEVES, Rafaela de Oliveira, GIGANTE, Denise Petrucci
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 2020
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Summary:ABSTRACT Objective To describe children food consumption in the five municipal schools in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and their main characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional study of children enrolled in five municipal schools. The mothers were interviewed at the school. The questionnaire about habitual food consumption was based on the guidelines of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. The data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and reviewed in Stata 14.0. The consumption frequency was reported according to each exposure category. Statistical tests based on Chi-Square test with 5% significance level and adjusted analyses through Poisson regression were used. Results A total of 548 children were included. Females represented 51.1% of the total sample; the average age was 48.3 months. Children up to two years of age were those who consumed the most fruits and vegetables while sweets were mostly consumed by older children, aged between three and four years. Unhealthy foods had a high frequency of consumption, with sweet being the most consumed (58.8%), followed by packet snacks (53.3%). In the adjusted analysis, eating meals in front of the screens remained associated with lower consumption of vegetables. Conclusion Eating meals in front of the screens reduces children’s vegetables consumption. At the same time, the child’s age and maternal education seem to have some influence on the consumption of unhealthy foods, indicating the need for nutritional education interventions. RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o consumo alimentar de crianças de cinco escolas municipais de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, e suas principais características. Métodos Estudo transversal, incluindo crianças de cinco escolas da rede municipal de educação infantil de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. As mães foram entrevistadas na escola, sendo que as perguntas sobre consumo alimentar habitual foram elaboradas a partir das orientações do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. Os dados foram digitados no EpiData 3.1 e analisados no Stata 14.0. A frequência de consumo foi apresentada de acordo com cada categoria de exposição, e foram elaborados testes estatísticos baseados no qui-quadrado, sendo 5% o nível de significância e análise ajustada por meio de regressão de Poisson. Resultados Foram incluídas 548 crianças, dentre as quais o sexo feminino representou 51,1% e a média de idade foi de 48,3 meses. Crianças com até dois anos de idade são as que mais consomem frutas e legumes, e as com três e quatro anos são as que mais consomem doces. Os alimentos não saudáveis apresentaram elevada frequência de consumo, sendo o doce o mais consumido (58,8%), seguido do salgadinho de pacote (53,3%). Na análise ajustada, fazer refeições em frente às telas se manteve associado ao menor consumo de legumes. Conclusão Fazer as refeições em frente às telas diminui o consumo de legumes pelas crianças. Ao mesmo tempo, a idade da criança e a escolaridade materna parecem ter alguma influência no consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, indicando a necessidade de intervenções de educação nutricional.
ISSN:1415-5273
1678-9865
DOI:10.1590/1678-9865202033e200123