A Novel Lock-In Amplification-Based Frequency Component Extraction Method for Performance Analysis and Power Monitoring of Grid-Connected Systems

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 17; no. 18; p. 4580
• Main Authors: Rehman, Abdur, An, Taeho, Choi, Woojin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2024
• Subjects: Accuracy; component extraction; digital lock-in amplifier; Electric power systems; Fourier transforms; frequency tracking; Methods; non-sinusoidal signals; power monitoring
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en17184580

Recently, the increasing concern for climate control has led to the widespread application of grid-connected inverter (GIC)-based renewable-energy systems. In addition, the increased usage of non-linear loads and electrification of the transport sector cause ineffective grid-frequency management and the introduction of harmonics. These grid conditions affect power quality and result in uncertainty and inaccuracy in monitoring and measurement. Incorrect measurement leads to overbilling/underbilling, ineffective demand and supply forecasts for the power system, and inefficient performance analysis. To address the outlined problem, a novel, three-phase frequency component extraction and power measurement method based on Digital Lock-in Amplifier (DLIA) and Digital Lock-in Amplifier–Frequency-Locked Loop (DLIA–FLL) is proposed to provide accurate measurements under the conditions of harmonics and frequency offset. A combined filter, with a lowpass filter and notch filter, is employed to improve computation speed for DLIA. A comparative study is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed power measurement approach, by comparing the proposed method to the windowed interpolated fast Fourier transform (WIFFT). The ZERA COM 3003 (a commercial high-accuracy power measurement instrument) is used as the reference instrument in the experiment.