Determination of Dynamic Elastic Properties of 3D-Printed Nylon 12CF Using Impulse Excitation of Vibration

• Published in: Polymers Vol. 17; no. 15; p. 2135
• Main Authors: Garcia, Pedro F., Ramalho, Armando, Vasco, Joel C., Ruben, Rui B., Capela, Carlos
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04.08.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Availability; Carbon fiber reinforced plastics; Deposition; Dynamic mechanical properties; Elastic anisotropy; Elastic properties; Elasticity; Excitation; Extrusion; Fused deposition modeling; Geometry; Laboratories; Mechanical analysis; Mechanical engineering; Mechanical properties; Nylon; Poisson's ratio; Shear tests; Tensile tests; Three dimensional composites; Three dimensional printing; Vibration; fused deposition modeling (FDM); nylon 12CF; anisotropic mechanical properties; impulse excitation of vibration (IEV)
• ISSN: 2073-4360; 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym17152135

Material Extrusion (MEX) process is increasingly used to fabricate components for structural applications, driven by the availability of advanced materials and greater industrial adoption. In these contexts, understanding the mechanical performance of printed parts is crucial. However, conventional methods for assessing anisotropic elastic behavior often rely on expensive equipment and time-consuming procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the impulse excitation of vibration (IEV) in characterizing the dynamic mechanical properties of a 3D-printed composite material. Tensile tests were also performed to compare quasi-static properties with the dynamic ones obtained through IEV. The tested material, Nylon 12CF, contains 35% short carbon fibers by weight and is commercially available from Stratasys. It is used in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, a Material Extrusion technology, and exhibits anisotropic mechanical properties. This is further reinforced by the filament deposition process, which affects the mechanical response of printed parts. Young’s modulus obtained in the direction perpendicular to the deposition plane (E33), obtained via IEV, was 14.77% higher than the value in the technical datasheet. Comparing methods, the Young’s modulus obtained in the deposition plane, in an inclined direction of 45 degrees in relation to the deposition direction (E45), showed a 22.95% difference between IEV and tensile tests, while Poisson’s ratio in the deposition plane (v12) differed by 6.78%. This data is critical for designing parts subject to demanding service conditions, and the results obtained (orthotropic elastic properties) can be used in finite element simulation software. Ultimately, this work reinforces the potential of the IEV method as an accessible and consistent alternative for characterizing the anisotropic properties of components produced through additive manufacturing (AM).