Comprehensive design and analysis of Gray code counters using 2-dimensional 2-dot 1-electron QCA

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology for the next generation computers is capable of overcoming certain technical limitations of existing CMOS technology. We have first designed the Set–Reset (S–R) flipflop. But as S–R flipflop does not have a toggle output, it falls short of being adequat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMicrosystem technologies : sensors, actuators, systems integration Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 447 - 465
Main Authors Datta, Kakali, Mukhopadhyay, Debarka, Dutta, Paramartha
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2022
Subjects
Electronics and Microelectronics
Engineering
Instrumentation
Mechanical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Technical Paper
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Summary:Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology for the next generation computers is capable of overcoming certain technical limitations of existing CMOS technology. We have first designed the Set–Reset (S–R) flipflop. But as S–R flipflop does not have a toggle output, it falls short of being adequate for designing three-bit and higher order Gray code counters. So we designed the J–K flipflop. These flipflops act as the basic building blocks of the Gray code counters. The designs of two-bit, three-bit and higher order Gray code counters are extensively studied and discussed. By computing the potential energies we have substantiated and analyzed the proposed design in terms of the energy and power related parameters. We have also compared our work with the existing two-bit counterpart using 4-dot 2-electron QCA cells and found that the proposed designs are superior to the existing ones in terms of space utilization, energy and power dissipation.
ISSN:0946-7076
1432-1858
DOI:10.1007/s00542-018-3818-1