Training with electrical muscle stimulation: a novel method to improve Body Mass Index, lipid profile, growth hormone, and cortisol in overweight subjects

• Published in: The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness Vol. 65; no. 6; p. 811
• Main Authors: Riyahi, Elnaz, Reisi, Jalil, Marandi, Sayyed M, Abdollahi, Milad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Italy 01.06.2025
• Subjects: Adult; Body Mass Index; Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods; Female; Human Growth Hormone - blood; Humans; Hydrocortisone - blood; Lipids - blood; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Overweight - blood; Overweight - therapy; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1827-1928
• DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16188-4

Skeletal muscles constitute approximately 40% of our body mass, performing crucial roles in mobility, metabolism, and heat generation. This study delves into the impact of whole body-electrical muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) training on muscle growth and anabolic factors in individuals grappling with excess weight. A cohort of 30 participants was randomly assigned to an EMS group and a control group. The EMS group adhered to a training regimen involving a whole-body EMS device engineered to concurrently and independently stimulate various body regions. This innovative apparatus administered a bipolar electric current with a pulse frequency of 85 Hz, a pulse width spanning 350 µs, and a rectangular waveform featuring a 0.4-second ramp. Stimulation patterns oscillated between 6 seconds of activation and 4 seconds of rest. The device precisely targeted the legs, anterior and posterior thighs, arms, buttocks, abdomen, chest, and lower and upper back while covering a substantial area of 2600 cm . The training program included 24 WB-EMS sessions conducted over 8 weeks. There were 3 training sessions per week, each lasting 20 minutes. A dedicated rest day was scheduled between sessions to facilitate recovery and adaptation. The results showed that exercise training significantly reduced Body Mass Index (BMI) (P<0.0001) and significantly improved cholesterol levels (P<0.0016), including reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<0.0146) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P<0.0003). Along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P<0.0238). In addition, the study showed an increase in growth hormone levels (P<0.0001) along with a decrease in cortisol levels (P<0.0008) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (P<0.0187). Consequently, EMS training emerges as a time-efficient and effective alternative to conventional exercise routines, enhancing skeletal muscle function.