Tolerance Analysis of Near-Field Focused Arrays to Safe-for-Humans Microwave and RF Applications

• Published in: IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation Vol. 72; no. 5; pp. 4051 - 4063
• Main Authors: Buonanno, Giovanni, Costanzo, Sandra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.05.2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Antenna arrays; antenna focusing; Antenna theory; biomedical applications; Distribution functions; Electric fields; health safety; Microwave antenna arrays; Mutual coupling; Near fields; near-field; Random errors; Random variables; tolerance analysis; Vectors
• ISSN: 0018-926X; 1558-2221
• DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3383274

A methodology is proposed in this work to characterize the complex vector near-field of focused antenna arrays with arbitrary geometry, subject to random errors. Starting with the problem formulation, a proper mathematical relationship for the actual electric field is established, and a partial statistical characterization is then performed. Subsequently, the mean squared errors are computed between the actual and the desired electric field, and between the actual and the ideal squared magnitude of the electric field. Finally, a method to determine the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the squared magnitude of the electric field is discussed for obtaining appropriate percentile functions. The presented numerical results show the validity of the proposed technique, which is particularly useful in those applications, such as the biomedical ones, where high performance is required to control the electric field values such to guarantee human safety conditions.