Xerostomia and hyposalivation : Causes, consequences and treatment in the elderly

• Published in: Drugs & aging Vol. 15; no. 2; pp. 103 - 116
• Main Authors: NÄRHI, T. O, MEURMAN, J. H, AINAMO, A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Auckland Adis International 01.08.1999
• Subjects: Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Medical sciences; Non tumoral diseases; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Palliative Care; Saliva - metabolism; Upper respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands: diseases, semeiology; Xerostomia - complications; Xerostomia - drug therapy; Xerostomia - etiology; Human; Salivary gland disease; Treatment; Stomatology; Etiology; Hyposalivation; ENT disease; Review; Diagnosis; Elderly; Aptyalism
• ISSN: 1170-229X; 1179-1969
• DOI: 10.2165/00002512-199915020-00004

Xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) are prevalent in elderly populations, causing much discomfort and even difficulties in eating. SGH also increases the occurrence and severity of oral diseases and makes the patient susceptible to candidiasis. The principal causes of SGH and xerostomia are systemic diseases and drugs used daily. The diagnosis of SGH and xerostomia is based on simple methods, of which measuring both unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate is the most important. Treatment calls for proper management of underlying disease, avoidance of all unnecessary medications, and topical remedies such as artificial saliva substitutes. However, good hydration is essential in the elderly with SGH and xerostomia, and water is the drink of choice. In extremely difficult cases, for instance in patients receiving radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck regions, parasympathomimetic drugs may be administered if no contraindications exist.