AlGaN-Based 1.55 µm Phototransistor as a Crucial Building Block for Optical Computers

• Published in: Crystals (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 1431
• Main Authors: Hofstetter, Daniel, Aku-Leh, Cynthia, Beck, Hans, Bour, David P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2021
• Subjects: Aluminum gallium nitrides; Aluminum nitride; Bandwidths; Bias; Current carriers; Dark current; Efficiency; Electric potential; enhancement mode transistor; Field effect transistors; Gallium nitrides; GaN; Gratings (spectra); HEMT; Heterostructures; Horizontal orientation; inter-subband transition; Leakage current; Logic circuits; Majority carriers; Molecular beam epitaxy; Optical computers; P-n junctions; Phototransistors; Polarization; Quantum wells; Radiation; Semiconductor devices; Sensors; Space charge; Superlattices; telecommunication; Transconductance; Transistors; Voltage; wavelength of 1.55 µm
• ISSN: 2073-4352; 2073-4352
• DOI: 10.3390/cryst11111431

An optically activated, enhancement mode heterostructure field effect transistor is proposed and analytically studied. A particular feature of this device is its gate region, which is made of a photovoltaic GaN/AlN-based superlattice detector for a wavelength of 1.55 µm. Since the inter-subband transition in this superlattice does normally not interact with TE-polarized (or vertically incoming) radiation, a metallic second-order diffraction grating on the transistor gate results in a re-orientation of the light into the horizontal direction—thus providing the desired TM-polarization. Upon illumination of this gate, efficient inter-subband absorption lifts electrons from the ground to the first excited quantized state. Due to partial screening of the strong internal polarization fields between GaN quantum wells and AlN barriers, this slightly diagonal transition generates an optical rectification voltage. Added to a constant electrical bias, this optically produced gate voltage leads to a noticeable increase of the transistor’s source-drain current. The magnitude of the bias voltage is chosen to result in maximal transconductance. Since such a phototransistor based on high-bandgap material is a device involving only fast majority carriers, very low dark and leakage currents are expected. The most important advantage of such a device, however, is the expected switching speed and, hence, its predicted use as an optical logic gate for photonic computing. In the absence of a p-n-junction and thus of both a carrier-induced space charge region, and the parasitic capacitances resulting thereof, operation frequencies of appropriately designed, sufficiently small phototransistors reaching 100 GHz are envisaged.