Correlation between periodontal status, whole salivary interleukin-1beta levels and oral yeasts carriage among individuals with varying ranges of body mass index

• Published in: Acta odontologica Scandinavica Vol. 84; pp. 119 - 127
• Main Authors: Ali, Dena, Mikami, Toshinari, Alkazemi, Fatema
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sweden Medical Journals Sweden 12.03.2025
• Subjects: Adult; Alveolar bone loss; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1beta - analysis; Interleukin-1beta - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; oral yeasts; periodontal; Periodontal Index; Saliva - chemistry; whole saliva; Yeasts - isolation & purification
• ISSN: 0001-6357; 1502-3850; 1502-3850
• DOI: 10.2340/aos.v84.43276

Objective: The aim was to assess the correlation between periodontal status, whole salivary interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels and oral yeasts carriage (OYC) among individuals with varying ranges of body mass index (BMI).  Material and method: The weight, waist circumference (WC), and height of individuals were assessed. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group-1 – normal weight (18.5–24.9 Kg/m2); Group-2 – overweight (25–29.9 Kg/m2); and Group-3 – obese (≥ 30 Kg/m2). Plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI, respectively), probing depth (PD), clinical-attachment-loss (CAL), missing teeth (MT) and marginal-bone-loss (MBL) were assessed. Whole salivary IL-1β levels and OYC were assessed. Group-comparisons were done. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Findings: Twenty-two, 22 and 22 individuals with comparable mean ages were included in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean WC and BMI were higher in Group 3 than Groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05). The mean PI, CAL, PD, GI, MT and MBL were higher in Group-3 than groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05). There was no difference in mean PI, CAL, PD, GI, MT and MBL in groups 1 and 2. The salivary flow rate was higher in groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05) than Group-3. The OYC and IL-1β were higher in Group-3 than groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between PD and OYC in Group-3 (P < 0.05).  Conclusion: Periodontal inflammation is worse, and whole salivary IL-1β levels are elevated in obese than overweight individuals and subjects with normal BMI. There seems to be no association between BMI and OYC.