Magnetism and multiferroic properties at MnTiO3 surfaces: A DFT study

• Published in: Applied surface science Vol. 452; pp. 463 - 472
• Main Authors: Ribeiro, Renan A.P., Andrés, Juan, Longo, Elson, Lazaro, Sergio R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 15.09.2018
• Subjects: Magnetism; MnTiO3; Morphology; Multiferroic properties; Spin density; Surface energy; Wulff’s construction; MnTiO3; Morphology; Multiferroic properties; Magnetism; Spin density; Surface energy; Wulff’s construction
• ISSN: 0169-4332; 1873-5584
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.05.067

•Polar and non-polar surfaces of MnTiO3 multiferroic materials were investigated from DFT calculations.•Wulff construction and spin analysis were combined to determine the relation between morphology and magnetism for MnTiO3.•Enhanced superficial magnetism was found for (0 1 2), (0 0 1), and (1 1 1) surfaces.•Multiferroic properties of solid-state materials can be tunned by morphological modulations. The present study illustrates how density functional theory calculations can rationalize the surface structure and magnetism for the low-index (1 1 0), (1 0 1), (1 0 0), (0 0 1), (1 1 1), and (0 1 2) surfaces of MnTiO3. A simple procedure, without surface reconstructions or chemical adsorptions in which the stability, magnetism and the morphological transformations is presented in detail to clarify the control of their multiferroic nature. The surface stability was found to be controlled by the octahedral [MnO6] and [TiO6] clusters formed by the Mn2+ and Ti4+ cations - i.e., their local coordination at the surfaces, respectively- with nonpolar (1 1 0) being the most stable. Enhanced superficial magnetism was found for (0 1 2), (0 0 1), and (1 1 1) surfaces in agreement with the more undercoordinated [TiOn]′ and [MnOn]• complex clusters at the surface plane. Our calculation suggests the existence of magnetic [TiOn]′ species for unstable (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) surfaces, explained by the unusual crystal-field associated with the surface environment. The crystal morphology has been predicted to determine the most likely terminations to be present as well as the intrinsic magnetization density associated with morphologies. Moreover, the (0 0 1) surface plane plays a key role in the enhancement of the magnetic properties for shape-oriented MnTiO3 nanoparticles, suggesting a superior magnetoelectric coupling due to the presence of uncompensated spins and polar distortions perpendicular to the surface plane.