Occurrence of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster in exotic birds

• Published in: Polish journal of veterinary sciences Vol. 27; no. 1; pp. 139 - 142
• Main Authors: Blagojević, B, Davidov, I, Galfi Vukomanović, A, Tekić, D, Došenović Marinković, M, Vidović, V
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Polish
• Published: Germany Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Veterinary Sciences 20.03.2024
• Subjects: Animals; Anorexia; Bird Diseases - epidemiology; Birds; Chi-square test; Feces; Infections; Macrorhabdus ornithogaster; Melopsittacus; Microorganisms; Necropsy; Regurgitation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomycetales; Poland; Spain; faecal Gram’s stain; captive birds; gastric yeast; exotic birds; Macrorhabdus ornithogaster
• ISSN: 1505-1773; 2300-2557
• DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149335

Avian gastric yeast (Macrorhabdus ornithogaster) is a microorganism that infects aviary birds worldwide, both captive and wild. A total number of 352 birds, belonging to 18 avian species, were examined from 2019 to 2022 for M. ornithogaster, using fecal smears of live birds or cytological samples of the proventriculus taken at necropsy. These cytological samples were taken from birds that died from different causes. Some of the birds exhibited symptoms such as lethargy, regurgitation, weight loss and anorexia. Faecal samples were collected from all the birds and analysed for gastric yeast using a direct smear and Gram-staining method. The microorganism was diagnosed most frequently in budgerigars (55.5%), the African gray parrot (33.3%), and nymphs (34.3%). The prevalence of M. ornithogaster in canaries was 10%. The infection was detected in 31% of the examined birds, which shows that the occurrence of M. ornithogaster in exotic birds is common. No clinical signs were observed in the vast majority of birds that tested positive for gastric yeast.