Alternative anodes for low temperature lithium-ion batteries

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have become critical components in the manufacture of electric vehicles (EVs) as they offer the best all-round performance compared to competing battery chemistries. However, LIB performance at low temperature (LT) extremes of EV operation (typically −40 to 0 °C) suffers from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Vol. 9; no. 25; pp. 14172 - 14213
Main Authors Collins, Gearoid A, Geaney, Hugh, Ryan, Kevin M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 07.07.2021
Subjects
Anodes
Batteries
Critical components
Electric vehicles
Electrode materials
Electrode polarization
Ion diffusion
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
Low temperature
Nanocomposites
Rechargeable batteries
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Summary:Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have become critical components in the manufacture of electric vehicles (EVs) as they offer the best all-round performance compared to competing battery chemistries. However, LIB performance at low temperature (LT) extremes of EV operation (typically −40 to 0 °C) suffers from a reduced output and diminished cycle life. LT cycling increases cell impedance, diminishing Li ion diffusion through the cell, exacerbating electrode polarisation, and hindering interfacial Li + desolvation. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of (i) the factors that influence LT Li-ion performance, (ii) outline the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-art and (iii) discuss recent findings in the field, focusing on alternative anode materials with particular emphasis on high-capacity, fast charging alternatives to the archetypal carbon (graphite) anode. Different approaches to improve LT LIB performance are outlined in an in-depth analysis of recent improvements from the anode perspective. These include electrolyte-driven enhancements, the resurgence of Li metal batteries, the impact of conductive coatings, elemental doping and nanocomposite formation, substitution of intercalating anodes with high-capacity Li alloying and Li conversion materials, and fast redox pseudocapacitance. Major issues of commercial graphite-based Li-ion batteries at low temperature and recent improvements in anode formulation to tackle these low temperature limitations.
Bibliography:which has 16 partners across Europe. He currently holds IRC laureate and SFI Investigator awards.
He has a h-index of 40 with >130 publications with interests in nanomaterial synthesis and their application as alloying materials in rechargeable batteries. He is a Co-Principal Investigator on Science Foundation Ireland Research Centres, MaREI and AMBER and Funded Investigator in the centres Confirm and SSPC. He is coordinator of the Horizon 2020 project Si-Drive
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Professor Kevin M. Ryan holds a Personal Chair in Chemical Nanotechnology at the Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute at the University of Limerick in Ireland
http://geaneygroupul.ie/
www.ryangroupul.ie
https://sidrive2020.eu/
batteries in University College Cork, before returning to the University of Limerick, where he was the recipient of a Starting Investigator Research Grant (SIRG) from Science Foundation Ireland. He is currently a lecturer in Chemistry in the Department of Chemical Sciences in the University of Limerick, and carries out research within the Bernal Institute. His research interests are in Li-ion and beyond Li-ion batteries (specifically Na-ion, Li-S and Al-ion). Details on his research focus and output can be found at
Gearóid Collins received his undergraduate degree in Nanoscience from Trinity College, Dublin in 2017. He is currently a final year PhD candidate at the University of Limerick, in partnership with the Irish Research Council and Intel Ireland. He is researching bottom-up growth of nanostructured anode materials for energy-dense lithium-ion batteries. His areas of research focus on developing highly conductive nanowire (NW)-based anodes for low temperature applications; overcoming loading limitations of directly-grown Si NWs through the use of nanotextured 3D growth templates; scalable synthesis of Si NW/graphite composites; and investigating the utility of nanostructured conversion materials as suitable battery anodes.
Dr Hugh Geaney received his BSc. in Industrial Chemistry and PhD from the University of Limerick, Ireland. He carried out postdoctoral research on Li-O
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ISSN:2050-7488
2050-7496
DOI:10.1039/d1ta00998b