Mechanistic approaches for crosstalk between nanomaterials and plants: plant immunomodulation, defense mechanisms, stress resilience, toxicity, and perspectives

Plants are challenged with unexpected and diverse environmental stresses in the era of climate changes. Plant development and metabolism are significantly hindered by both abiotic and biotic stresses, which lead to a reduction in the crop yield by 50-88% worldwide. Fortunately, plants have developed...

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Published inEnvironmental science. Nano Vol. 11; no. 6; pp. 2324 - 2351
Main Authors Singh, Ragini, Choudhary, Pinky, Kumar, Santosh, Daima, Hemant Kumar
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 13.06.2024
Subjects
Abiotic factors
Biochemical characteristics
Biochemistry
Biological stress
Climate change
Crop yield
Defence mechanisms
Defense mechanisms
Environmental stress
Gene expression
Immune system
Immunomodulation
Metabolism
miRNA
Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology
Oxidative stress
Physiology
Plant growth substances
Plants
Reactive oxygen species
Toxicity
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Summary:Plants are challenged with unexpected and diverse environmental stresses in the era of climate changes. Plant development and metabolism are significantly hindered by both abiotic and biotic stresses, which lead to a reduction in the crop yield by 50-88% worldwide. Fortunately, plants have developed diverse defence mechanisms across multiple levels in response to environmental challenges. Plant defence mechanisms range from molecular-level modifications to morphological, physiological, anatomical, and biochemical characteristics. In addition, nanotechnology is a promising area of innovations in the field of plant sciences, and it is generating novel concepts for comprehending the optimal survival mechanism of stressed plants. Nanomaterials are considered regulatory molecules for plants owing to their ability to modulate an extensive array of physiological and biochemical processes, the plant immune system, stress-related gene expression, hormonal regulation, and the activation of anti-oxidative defence systems. However, the intricacies of interactions between nanomaterials and plants in terms of antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects are not yet fully explored. Thus, the present review elucidates the potential antioxidative and immunomodulatory regulation of nanomaterials in plants via an enhanced antioxidative system, reduced oxidative stress levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, upregulation of defense related gene expression, phytohormone regulation, and miRNA regulation. Further, the toxicity behaviour of nanomaterials in plants and developmental prospects are discussed to provide future directions in the area. Overall, this review provides new insights for the development of nanomaterials with potential immunomodulatory effects in plants for resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. This review provides new insights for the development of nanomaterials with potential immunomodulatory effects in plants towards resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses.
Bibliography:Santosh Kumar, currently a professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KL Deemed to be University, Guntur, India, is a former professor at Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China. He has published more than 380 research articles in national and international SCI journals and conferences. His current research interests include optical fiber sensors, nanophotonics and biophotonics, waveguide, interferometers, and Internet of things. To date, he has reviewed more than 2100 SCI articles. Dr. Kumar is a Fellow of SPIE and a Senior Member of OPTICA and IEEE. He is also Associate Editor of IEEE Sensors Journal and Biomedical Optics Express.
Hemant Kumar Daima is an Indian scientist, academician, and administrator. Daima's group at Central University of Rajasthan is focused on the development of functional nanomaterials for drug/gene delivery, biosensing, management of cancer, control of MDR bacteria, nanozyme activities and medical devices. His research has demonstrated the importance of surface functionalization in regulating nanomaterial exterior corona, which dictates nanomaterials' interaction at a nano-bio interface. His findings have revealed guiding principles involved in rational nanoparticle design strategies for biomedical and agricultural applications. He is member of numerous scientific/professional bodies and recipient of several international fellowships/awards. He obtained his Ph.D. from RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
Pinky Choudhary is pursuing her doctoral research at Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicity Research Laboratory, Central University of Rajasthan, India. She obtained her master's degree in biotechnology from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. She has worked as a project associate at Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, and focused on developing functional nanomaterials for drug delivery to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Currently, her research objective revolves around the innovative design and synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, tailored for diverse applications in both biomedical and agricultural domains.
Ragini Singh received her Ph.D. in 2018 from the University of Ahmedabad, India. Currently, she is working as Associate Professor in KL Deemed to be University, Guntur, India. She is a former professor at Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China. Her current research interest includes the synthesis of nanomaterials and establishing their applications in therapeutic and biosensing purposes. She is a lifetime member of the Materials Research Society of India (MRSI), Indian Society of Nanomedicine, and a senior member of IEEE society. Dr. Singh is the active reviewer of MDPI, 3 Biotech, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, IEEE sensors journal, and Biomedical Optics Express.
ISSN:2051-8153
2051-8161
DOI:10.1039/d4en00053f