Leafhopper transmission and host plant range of maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus strains

• Published in: Phytopathology Vol. 84; no. 9; pp. 876 - 882
• Main Authors: Lopes, J.R.S. (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil), Nault, L.R, Gingery, R.E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: St. Paul, MN American Phytopathological Society 01.09.1994
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; CICADELLIDAE; DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS; DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Generalities. Techniques. Transmission, epidemiology, ecology. Antiviral substances, control; GRAMINEAE; HOTE; HUESPEDES; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; Plant viruses and viroids; PODER PATOGENO; POUVOIR PATHOGENE; TRANSMISION DE ENFERMEDADES; TRANSMISSION DES MALADIES; VECTEUR DE MALADIE; VECTORES; VIRUS DE LAS PLANTAS; VIRUS DES VEGETAUX; ZEA MAYS; Monocotyledones; Plant pathogen; Insecta; Transmission; Zea perennis; Sequiviridae; Virus; Zea diploperennis; Cicadomorpha; Homoptera; Gramineae; Arthropoda; Host plant; Angiospermae; Waikavirus; Host range; Spermatophyta; Invertebrata; Vector; Cicadellidae; Maize chlorotic dwarf virus
• ISSN: 0031-949X; 1943-7684
• DOI: 10.1094/phyto-84-876

Two strains of maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus (MCDV), the type strain MCDV-T and the recently isolated MCDV-M1, were compared for leafhopper transmission, vector specificity, and host plant range. Leafhopper species tested as vectors and their estimated transmission rates (by single insects) of MCDV-T and MCDV-M1, respectively, were Graminella nigrifrons, 27.0 and 20.4%; Amblyseius grex, 17.5 and 6.7%; Planicephalus flavicostatus, 7.9 and 1.0%; Stirellus bicolor, 5.9 and 1.2%; G. sonora, 1.2 and 2.5%; and Dalbulus maidis, 0.8 and 1.7%. Euscelidius variegatus, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, and Ollarianus strictus were tested as well but did not transmit either strain. No vector was found that transmitted only one of the strains; however, A. grex, P. flavicostatus, and S. bicolor transmitted MCDV-T at rates significantly higher than those for MCDV-M1. Rates of loss of inoculativity of MCDV-T and MCDV-M1 by G. nigrifrons after virus acquisition were similar but were slower at 15 C than at 30 C. Estimated retention half-lives at 15 C for MCDV-T and MCDV-M1 were 7.7 and 12.5 h, respectively. The corresponding half-lives at 30 C were 3.4 and 4.8 h, respectively. A sample of grass species representing the major groups of Gramineae was tested for susceptibility to MCDV strains with C. nigrifrons as a vector. Of 46 grass species tested, 19 (mostly panicoids and andropogonoids) were found to be susceptible to each strain on the basis of symptomatology and detection assays (dot blot hybridization and Western blots). Two symptomless differential hosts were found: Sorghastrum nulans tested positive to MCDV-T but not to MCDV-M1, whereas the reverse was observed for Schizachyrium scoparium. Tertiary veinbanding symptoms induced by MCDV-T in susceptible grasses were always more pronounced than those caused by MCDV-M1