Heteroatom-doped nanomaterials/core-shell nanostructure based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Recently, heteroatom doped core-shell nanostructures (HCSNs) have been widely used as superior electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) owing to their enhanced ORR performance and stability under harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we provide the importance of HCSNs and e...

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Published inJournal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Vol. 1; no. 3; pp. 987 - 121
Main Authors Nagappan, Saravanan, Duraivel, Malarkodi, Hira, Shamim Ahmed, Prabakar, Kandasamy, Ha, Chang-Sik, Joo, Sang Hoon, Nam, Ki Min, Park, Kang Hyun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 18.01.2022
Subjects
Boron
Catalytic activity
Chemical reduction
Core-shell structure
Electrocatalysts
Environmental conditions
Fabrication
Metal-organic frameworks
Nanomaterials
Nanostructure
Nanotechnology
Nitrogen
Nitrogen sources
Organic compounds
Oxygen
Oxygen reduction reactions
Sulfur
Surface structure
Transition metals
Zeolites
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Summary:Recently, heteroatom doped core-shell nanostructures (HCSNs) have been widely used as superior electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) owing to their enhanced ORR performance and stability under harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we provide the importance of HCSNs and explain how the ORR performance can be enhanced by various heteroatom dopants, such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, boron, and combinations of two or more heteroatoms. Various types of nitrogen doping were performed with different forms of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in CSNs, such as metal-organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, and transition metals containing nitrogen sources, which have been used widely for the ORR because they form a high surface area, a facet surface structure, and reactive active sites in the presence of elements that are useful for the ORR catalytic activity. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the synthesis and fabrication of highly efficient ORR electrodes using a combination of di-, tri-, or multi-heteroatom-doped CSNs. Finally, we discuss the superior ORR activities of the HCSNs reported in recent literature and compare the activity with various reactive descriptors and the broad scope of these HCSNs for practical applications, along with their drawbacks and future demands. This review describes the heteroatom-doped core-shell nanostructures (HCSNs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We also cover di-, tri-, and multi-doped HCSNs for the ORR and reactive descriptors used for enhancing the ORR activity.
Bibliography:Sang Hoon Joo is a Professor at the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea. His research group focuses on the development of electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions and molecular-level understanding of structure-catalytic property relationships.
Saravanan Nagappan is working as a Post-Doc Fellow under Professor Kang-Hyun Park in the Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Korea. His research studies include the synthesis and fabrication of various organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, MXene, graphene, carbon, and nanoclay based materials for coatings, catalysis, environmental-remediation, biomedical, electrocatalysis, and energy storage and conversion applications.
Malarkodi Duraivel is pursuing PhD in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (September 2018) under the supervision of Professor Kandasamy Prabakar at Pusan National University, Korea. Her current research focuses on the development of low cost and efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications including water splitting and oxygen reduction reaction.
Ki Min Nam is an Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Korea. His research interests are the phase control of metal and metal oxide nanocrystals, and inorganic materials for electrocatalytic reactions.
Shamim Ahmed Hira has completed PhD (August, 2021) in the Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials under the supervision of Professor Kang Hyun Park at Pusan National University, Korea. His research work focuses on the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks and their composite materials and their application in electrochemical sensors as well as in energy applications.
Chang-Sik Ha is a University Distinguished Professor at the Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Korea. His research interests are polyimides for flexible substrates, organic/inorganic nanohybrid materials, mesoporous materials, carbon, and graphene based materials for wide variety of applications.
Kang Hyun Park is a Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Korea. His research interests include the development of new transition metal-nanoparticle catalyzed reactions. Currently, his research interest focused on the development of multifunctional nanohybrid materials for electrocatalysis, especially on the synthesis of multifunctional nanohybrid electrodes for fuel cell and battery applications.
Kandasamy Prabakar is a Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Korea. His current research is focused on the development of various nanohybrid electrodes for energy conversion and storage applications. Especially, he is working on the development of novel electrodes for hybrid capacitors, photo-electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions for total water-splitting and reduction reactions for metal air batteries.
ISSN:2050-7488
2050-7496
DOI:10.1039/d1ta09861f