Triazine derivatives as organic phase change materials with inherently low flammability

• Published in: Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Vol. 1; no. 7; pp. 3633 - 3641
• Main Authors: Png, Zhuang Mao, Soo, Xiang Yun Debbie, Chua, Ming Hui, Ong, Pin Jin, Xu, Jianwei, Zhu, Qiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 15.02.2022
• Subjects: Alkylation; Burning; Calorimetry; Chemical bonds; Enthalpy; Flame retardants; Flammability; Functional groups; Heat release rate; Heat transfer; Melamine; Melting; Melting point; Melting points; Paraffin; Paraffins; Phase change materials; s-triazines; Thermal energy; Triazine
• ISSN: 2050-7488; 2050-7496
• DOI: 10.1039/d1ta07422a

A series of triazine-based compounds ( M1-M7 ) have been prepared starting from 1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine (melamine), 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine via either alkylation or amidation, and their thermal phase change properties were studied. Depending on the functional group introduced, the melting point of these 1,3,5-triazine derivatives ranged from 43 °C to 190 °C, while the enthalpy change of melting ranged from 47 to 150 J g −1 . Vertical burning tests showed that most of these compounds required a lower amount of flame retardants to achieve self-extinguishing properties as compared to paraffin. Cone calorimetry studies of compound M1 showed that the peak heat release rate (pHRR) is reduced by about 30% from 1908 (for a paraffin/malamine (23%) blend) to 1359 kW m −2 , while the average heat release rate is lowered by about 25% from 854 to 655 kW m −2 . These studies indicate that triazine derivatives can serve as intrinsically flame-retardant phase change materials and partially address the flammability issue of existing organic phase change materials. This also demonstrates the superiority of chemical bonding as a means of introducing flame retardants as compared to physical blending. A series of triazine-based compounds ( M1-M7 ) have been prepared from 1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine, and their thermal phase change properties.