Influence of Overloading on Residual Stress Distribution in Surface-Treated Wire Arc Additive-Manufactured Steel Specimens

• Published in: Materials Vol. 18; no. 7; p. 1551
• Main Authors: O’Neill, Fraser, McLaughlin, Emmet, Ermakova, Anna, Mehmanparast, Ali
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.03.2025
• Subjects: 3D printing; Additive manufacturing; Air quality management; Compact tension; Compressive properties; Crack propagation; Cyclic loads; Fatigue; Fatigue cracking; Fatigue failure; Fatigue testing machines; Fracture mechanics; Investigations; Laser shock processing; Lasers; Logistics; Manufacturing; Marine environment; Marine technology; Materials; Metal fatigue; Offshore structures; Overloading; Petroleum in submerged lands; R&D; Raw materials; Research & development; Residual stress; Strain gauges; Stress analysis; Stress distribution; Supply chains; Surface treatment; Thermal cycling; Wire; Wire industry; residual stress; neutron diffraction; fatigue; WAAM; structural integrity
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma18071551

Many countries around the world are in a race against time to decarbonise their energy systems. One of the avenues being explored in detail is Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE), with technologies such as wind, wave, and tidal. All of these technologies are in their infancy within the marine environment and required heavy Research and Development (R&D) to make them commercially viable. With so much demand for these industries, the supply chain is heavily constrained. A solution that has shown great potential to alleviate the pressure on the supply chain is the use of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) for the use of onsite repair or manufacture for components. This is due to its ability to produce large-scale parts, with low emissions and at a lower cost than other Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. The opportunity to use this technology could result in shorter downtimes and lead to a reduction in the Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE). However, knowing that offshore structures are subject to cyclic loading conditions during their operational lifespan, fatigue properties of new materials and manufacturing processes must be well documented and studied to avoid any catastrophic failures. An issue often seen with WAAM is the presence of residual stresses. This study looks at fatigue cracking on Compact Tension C(T) specimens that have undergone laser shock peening and rolling, surface treatment processes that form compressive residual stresses at the surface of the material. In this study, the influence of fatigue overloading on the residual stress distribution in surface-treated WAAM specimens is evaluated and the effectiveness of the post-processing techniques on the subsequent fatigue behaviour is explored.