CLINICAL PROFILE OF DOWN SYNDROME IN CHILDREN LESS THAN 14 YEARS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

• Published in: Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences Vol. 7; no. 24; pp. 2874 - 2879
• Main Authors: Das, Leena, Murmu, Mangal Charan, Sahoo, Satyapriya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited 11.06.2018
• Subjects: Analysis; Down syndrome; Pediatric research; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); India
• ISSN: 2278-4748; 2278-4802
• DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2018/648

BACKGROUND Down syndrome is the most common and most easily recognised condition causing intellectual disability. Down syndrome occurs in 1 in 700 to 1 in 1000 live births. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical profile of Down syndrome in children below 14 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children below 14 years who presented with symptoms of Down syndrome from 1st December 2015 to 30th November 2017 were included in this hospital-based case series study. RESULTS The hospital-based incidence was found to be 0.1%. The mean age of presentation was found to be 28.6 months. The ratio of male: female was 1.57. The mean maternal age at delivery was found to be 27.6 years. About 9.5% of Down syndromes were diagnosed antenatally. The first order children were more common (42.9%) followed by second order (32.5%). Diagnosis by using Hall's criteria was done in 94.4% cases. On karyotyping 94.4% had non-disjunction and 4.6% patient had translocation. CONCLUSION The chromosomal non-disjunction was the most common type of chromosomal abnormality in Down syndrome. Down syndrome is associated with significant systemic abnormalities and is not infrequent among mothers younger than 25 years of age. Early diagnosis and proper screening should be undertaken among these patients. KEY WORDS Down Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Karyotyping.