Epidural fat mesenchymal stem cells: Important microenvironmental regulators in health, disease, and regeneration: Do EF-MSCs play a role in dural homeostasis/maintenance?

• Published in: BioEssays Vol. 43; no. 2; p. e2000215
• Main Authors: Shah, Sophia, Mudigonda, Sathvika, Mitha, Alim P, Salo, Paul, Krawetz, Roman J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2021
• Subjects: Biological activity; Epidural; Experimentation; Fibrosis; Homeostasis; Mesenchymal stem cells; Regeneration; Regulators; Stem cells; Surgery; Tissues; Vascularization; Vertebrae; epidural fat; dural membranes; spine microenvironment; mesenchymal stem cells; tissue repair/maintenance
• ISSN: 0265-9247; 1521-1878
• DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000215

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in fat tissues throughout the body, yet little is known regarding their biological role within epidural fat. We hypothesize that debridement of epidural fat and/or subsequent loss of MSCs within this tissue, disrupts homeostasis in the vertebral environment resulting in increased inflammation, fibrosis, and decreased neovascularization leading to poorer functional outcomes post-injury/operatively. Clinically, epidural fat is commonly considered a space-filling tissue with limited functionality and therefore typically discarded during surgery. However, the presence of MSCs within epidural fat suggests that itis more biologically active than historically believed and may contribute to the regulation of homeostasis and regeneration in the dural environment. While the current literature supports our hypothesis, it will require additional experimentation to determine if epidural fat is an endogenous driver of repair and regeneration and if so, this tissue should be minimally perturbed from its original location in the spinal canal. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/MIol_IWK1os.