Echocardiographic surrogate of left ventricular stroke work in a model of brain stem death donors

• Published in: European journal of clinical investigation Vol. 54; no. 10; pp. e14259 - n/a
• Main Authors: Sato, Kei, Hoe, Louise See, Chan, Jonathan, Obonyo, Nchafatso G., Wildi, Karin, Heinsar, Silver, Colombo, Sebastiano M., Ainola, Carmen, Abbate, Gabriella, Sato, Noriko, Passmore, Margaret R., Bouquet, Mahe, Wilson, Emily S., Hyslop, Kieran, Livingstone, Samantha, Haymet, Andrew, Jung, Jae‐Seung, Skeggs, Kris, Palmieri, Chiara, White, Nicole, Platts, David, Suen, Jacky Y., McGiffin, David C., Bassi, Gianluigi Li, Fraser, John F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2024
• Subjects: Animals; Blood pressure; Brain Death - diagnostic imaging; Brain Death - physiopathology; Brain stem; brain stem death; Cardiomyocytes; Catheters; Death; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Transplantation; Heart transplants; left ventricular stroke work; Medical instruments; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Heart - metabolism; Organ donors; Parameters; Pulmonary arteries; Pulmonary artery; Sheep; speckle‐tracking echocardiography; Stroke; Stroke Volume - physiology; Tissue Donors; Transplantation; Ventricle; Ventricular Function, Left - physiology; left ventricular stroke work; heart transplantation; speckle‐tracking echocardiography; brain stem death
• ISSN: 0014-2972; 1365-2362; 1365-2362
• DOI: 10.1111/eci.14259

Background The commonest echocardiographic measurement, left ventricular ejection fraction, can not necessarily predict mortality of recipients following heart transplantation potentially due to afterload dependency. Afterload‐independent left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) is alternatively recommended by the current guideline; however, pulmonary artery catheters are rarely inserted in organ donors in most jurisdictions. We propose a novel non‐invasive echocardiographic parameter, Pressure‐Strain Product (PSP), as a potential surrogate of catheter‐based LVSWI. This study aimed to investigate if PSP could correlate with catheter‐based LVSWI in an ovine model of brain stem death (BSD) donors. The association between PSP and myocardial mitochondrial function in the post‐transplant hearts was also evaluated. Methods Thirty‐one female sheep (weight 47 ± 5 kg) were divided into two groups; BSD (n = 15), and sham neurologic injury (n = 16). Echocardiographic parameters including global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS) and pulmonary artery catheter‐based LVSWI were simultaneously measured at 8‐timepoints during 24‐h observation. PSP was calculated as a product of GCS or GRS, and mean arterial pressure for PSPcirc or PSPrad, respectively. Myocardial mitochondrial function was evaluated following 6‐h observation after heart transplantation. Results In BSD donor hearts, PSPcirc (n = 96, rho = .547, p < .001) showed the best correlation with LVSWI among other echocardiographic parameters. PSPcirc returned AUC of .825 to distinguish higher values of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function (cut‐off point; mean value of complex 1,2 O2 Flux) in post‐transplant hearts, which was greater than other echocardiographic parameters. Conclusions PSPcirc could be used as a surrogate of catheter‐based LVSWI reflecting mitochondrial function. A novel Speckle‐tracking echocardiographic parameter, pressure‐strain product, showed a correlation with LVSWI and myocyte mitochondrial function. C1 + 2, Complex1 + 2; GCS, global circumferential strain; LV, left ventricular; LVSWI, left ventricular stroke work index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PSPcirc, pressure‐strain product based on circumferential strain; SGC, Swan‐Ganz catheter (Images were created by using Biorender.com).