From Snoring to Soaring: Unveiling the Positive Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation on Cardiovascular Health in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Through a Systematic Review

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 15; no. 9; p. e45076
• Main Authors: Swami, Shivling S, Aye, Soe Lwin, Trivedi, Yash, Bolgarina, Zoryana, Desai, Heet N, Senaratne, Mithum, Mohammed, Lubna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Palo Alto Cureus Inc 12.09.2023; Cureus
• Subjects: Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Clinical trials; Cohort analysis; Continuous positive airway pressure; Coronary vessels; Diabetes; Disease prevention; Drug therapy; Fatalities; Hypertension; Integrative/Complementary Medicine; Internal Medicine; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Observational studies; Patient compliance; Population; Pulmonology; Sleep apnea; Stroke; Systematic review; Vein & artery diseases
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45076

Increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and death are linked to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The primary method of treating OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP has some debatable outcomes on CV events in people suffering from OSA. The current study investigates how CPAP affects CV outcomes. The goal is to evaluate CPAP's effectiveness in lowering CV outcomes in OSA patients. We used a computer to search the PubMed, PubMed Central Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases for studies comparing the effects of CPAP and a control group on CV outcomes in OSA patients. These included randomised control trials (RCT), narrative reviews, systematic reviews, case-control studies, observational studies and meta-analyses. A total of 52,937 patients were included in the final analysis of six RCTs, four observational studies, 10 meta-analyses, one case-control study, two systematic reviews and one narrative review. The weighted mean follow-up lasted for a period of between three months and nine years. The risk of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) was the same for both the CPAP and control groups. According to subgroup analysis, patients with lower MACE adherence rates (four hours per night) were more likely to use CPAP. The risk of all-cause mortality, CV-related complications causing mortality, acute myocardial infarction acute stroke, or hospitalisations for angina was the same in the CPAP and control groups. The primary outcome was that in patients with therapy with CPAP in addition to usual care and usual care alone did not prevent CV events in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and existing CV illness. Patients with OSA who utilise CPAP may not experience fewer CV events. Patients who use CPAP consistently (four hours per night) could benefit from improved CV results. Future research must assess how well-adherent patients with severe OSA and low CV event rates respond to CPAP therapy. In patients who use CPAP for more than four hours each night, CPAP therapy may minimise the risk of MACE and stroke. Additional randomised trials requiring adequate CPAP time adherence are needed to support this perception. Despite the fact that there is no evidence to support the claim that CPAP therapy improves CV outcomes, bias difficulties, CPAP adherence problems, and the patient groups included in each RCT may have made it more difficult to generalise the findings to all patients. Future research is therefore needed to look at these relevant results.