Determining of the spring constant using Arduino

• Published in: Physics education Vol. 55; no. 6; pp. 65028 - 65037
• Main Authors: Çoban, Atakan, Çoban, Niyazi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brecon IOP Publishing 01.11.2020
• Subjects: 21st Century Skills; Accuracy; Arduino; Classroom Environment; Computation; Computer Software; Data collection; Electronic Equipment; Elongation; Equations (Mathematics); Graphs; Hooke's law; Mathematical analysis; Mathematical Formulas; Measurement; Physics; physics education; Reliability; Science Experiments; Science Instruction; Sensors; Skills; Spring constant; STEM Education; Teaching Methods; Technical education
• ISSN: 0031-9120; 1361-6552
• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6552/abb58b

In this study, the spring constant was determined within the scope of Hooke's law. For this purpose, an Arduino MEGA, an HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor, and a 1 kg Load Cell Mass Sensor was used. Sensors and microprocessor are mounted on a plane. One end of the spring is mounted on the force sensor, and a wooden rod, perceived by the distance sensor, is mounted on the other end of the spring. In the data collection element of the study, the spring is slowly extended from its equilibrium position. In this process, elongation and spring force data are obtained with the help of Arduino. By means of the recorded values, graphs and equations relating to force-dependent elongation are determined. The spring constant is calculated by taking the first derivative of the determined force equation. Both a thin and a thick spring are used in the study. The spring constants of these springs are determined both individually and in series-parallel connection. In addition, the spring constant is determined by reducing the length of the thick spring. In the study, a theoretical calculation of the spring constants in cases where these springs are connected was also performed. For this theoretical calculation, spring constants based on the studies for thin and thick springs were used. There is a harmony between these calculationsand the experimental results when the springs are connected. This harmony confirms the accuracy and reliability of the results. The materials employed in this study have a very low total cost, and are quite easy to obtain. Within the scope of the study, a system is designed using technology and engineering skills falling within the scope of physical research, and the results are achieved by using the collected data from mathematical equations. This process directly serves the aims of the STEM Education approach. It is very important in relation to educating individuals with twenty-first century skills to perform these and similar practical experiments in classroom environments.