Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability in Healthy Volunteers of a Novel Formulation of the Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist Eliapixant

• Published in: European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics Vol. 48; no. 1; pp. 75 - 87
• Main Authors: Francke, Klaus, Chattopadhyay, Niladri, Klein, Stefan, Rottmann, Antje, Krickau, Dennis, van de Wetering, Jeroen, Friedrich, Christian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 2023
• Subjects: Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Human Physiology; Medical Biochemistry; Original Research Article; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacy
• ISSN: 0378-7966; 2107-0180
• DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00805-5

Background and Objectives The potent, selective P2X3 receptor antagonist eliapixant (BAY 1817080) is under development for conditions characterized by neuronal hypersensitization. As prominent food effects and limited bioavailability in the fasted state were observed with immediate-release eliapixant tablets, a novel formulation was needed. Accordingly, several novel eliapixant formulations were assessed by in vitro and animal studies in a structured way. The most promising of the formulations was then investigated in a phase I study designed to assess its pharmacokinetics, food effect, and bioavailability in healthy volunteers. Methods In vitro non-sink dissolution tests were performed with two amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) granule prototypes compared with pure crystalline eliapixant as a surrogate for the immediate-release formulation. Subsequently, the drug exposure of novel eliapixant formulations under fed and fasted conditions in rats and dogs was assessed to confirm improvements in bioavailability versus the suspension-based formulation. A novel Kollidon VA64®-based eliapixant formulation was identified from the preclinical studies and compared with the original tablet formulation in an open-label, partially randomized, threefold, crossover phase I study, in which healthy males received single oral doses (25–400 mg, fasted/fed). Pharmacokinetic parameters, absolute bioavailability (using an intravenous [ 13 C 7 15 N]-eliapixant microdose), relative bioavailability (novel versus original formulation), effect of food, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Results The non-sink dissolution test demonstrated that the two ASD formulations had an improved dissolution rate compared with pure crystalline eliapixant, with a Kollidon VA64-based prototype having the highest dissolution rate. Further testing of this prototype in animal studies confirmed an approximately twofold higher bioavailability compared with the suspension-based formulation. In the phase I study, 30 subjects were randomized. With the novel Kollidon VA64® formulation (400 mg; fasted), area under the concentration–time curve ( AUC ) and maximum plasma concentration ( C max ) were up to 3.1-fold and 1.7-fold higher, respectively, than with the original formulation (fed). AUC increased dose proportionally between 25 and 100 mg, and less than dose proportionally from 100 to 400 mg. Food had no clinically relevant effect on the novel formulation, with AUC increasing 1.3-fold and C max 2.1–2.4-fold (time to maximum concentration was delayed by 1.5–2.25 h). Absolute bioavailability with the novel formulation (100 mg) was 50%. AEs occurred in 57% of patients; most were mild in severity. Conclusions The novel eliapixant formulation substantially improved bioavailability compared with immediate-release eliapixant and may be administered with/without food. Clinical Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03773068 (initial registration: 12 December 2018).