The Prognosis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV/AIDS Patients Undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment: A Systematic Review

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS), is most commonly associated with advanced HIV infection. Although the severe neurological conditions - PML and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndro...

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Published inCurēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 15; no. 9; p. e45155
Main Authors Aye, Soe Lwin, Trivedi, Yash, Bolgarina, Zoryana, Desai, Heet N, Senaratne, Mithum, Swami, Shivling S, Mohammed, Lubna
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Palo Alto Cureus Inc 13.09.2023
Cureus
Subjects
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Antiretroviral drugs
Case reports
Clinical outcomes
Cohort analysis
Drug therapy
Encephalitis
Epidemiology
HIV
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immune system
Infections
Internal Medicine
Keywords
Medical prognosis
Mortality
Neurology
Pathology
Patients
Systematic review
Viral infections
Virology
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Summary:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS), is most commonly associated with advanced HIV infection. Although the severe neurological conditions - PML and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) - are linked to HIV, little is known about their characteristics in the era of established antiretroviral therapy (ART).The aim of this systematic review, which was performed by adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, was to determine the prognosis of PML in patients with HIV. We gathered and examined articles, including case-control and cohort studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses that were published between January 1, 2013, and May 2023. These articles were compiled from the following databases: Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, Wiley Library, and ScienceDirect. A total of 519 records were found from these databases for our systematic review after applying the proper filters. They were then further screened and put through quality appraisal tools, which ultimately led to the selection of 10 articles for the final analysis. This research offers crucial insights into the clinical consequences of PML in HIV patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
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ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.45155