Variable incidence of cyclosporine and FK-506 neurotoxicity in hematopoeitic malignancies and marrow conditions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

• Published in: Neurocritical care Vol. 3; no. 1; pp. 33 - 45
• Main Authors: Bartynski, Walter S, Zeigler, Zella R, Shadduck, Richard K, Lister, John
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Springer Nature B.V 01.01.2005
• Subjects: Bone marrow; Bone Marrow Transplantation - pathology; Cyclophosphamide - adverse effects; Cyclosporine - adverse effects; Disease; Graft vs Host Disease - diagnosis; Graft vs Host Disease - diagnostic imaging; Graft vs Host Disease - epidemiology; Graft vs Host Disease - prevention & control; Hematologic Neoplasms - classification; Hematologic Neoplasms - surgery; Humans; Ischemic Preconditioning; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Neurotoxicity; Neurotoxicity Syndromes - epidemiology; Retrospective Studies; Stem cell transplantation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Transplantation, Homologous - immunology
• ISSN: 1541-6933; 1541-6933; 1556-0961
• DOI: 10.1385/NCC:3:1:033

This study examines whether malignant disease under treatment influences the incidence of cyclosporine or FK-506 neurotoxicity after myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Review of 290 patients who received myeloablative conditioning prior to allo-BMT and cyclosporine/FK-506 identified 21 (7.2%) patients with neurotoxicity confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance. Underlying malignancy necessitating allo-BMT included leukemias (67%), lymphoma (10%), myelodysplastic syndrome (10%), and multiple myeloma (MM). Frequency of neurotoxicity by disease was compared. The highest incidence of neurotoxicity was present with MM (25%), whereas the lowest incidence was present with lymphoma (2.7%). Other diseases demonstrated intermediate incidence, including acute leukemias (10%), myelodysplastic syndrome (6.4%), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (4.9%). Cyclosporine/FK-506 neurotoxicity varied according to the underlying malignancy. The variable susceptibility to the development of neurotoxicity in this population may depend on the interaction of host vasculature with disease specific factors. Understanding the cause of neurotoxicity could improve survival after allo-BMT.