Direct (3+1)D laser writing of graded-index optical elements

We propose single-step additive fabrication of graded-index optical elements by introducing the light exposure as the additional dimension to three-dimensional (3D) laser writing, hence (3 + 1)D writing. We use a commercial printer and photoresist to realize the proposed single-step fabrication meth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inOptica Vol. 8; no. 10; p. 1281
Main Authors Porte, Xavier, Dinc, Niyazi Ulas, Moughames, Johnny, Panusa, Giulia, Juliano, Caroline, Kadic, Muamer, Moser, Christophe, Brunner, Daniel, Psaltis, Demetri
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 20.10.2021
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Summary:We propose single-step additive fabrication of graded-index optical elements by introducing the light exposure as the additional dimension to three-dimensional (3D) laser writing, hence (3 + 1)D writing. We use a commercial printer and photoresist to realize the proposed single-step fabrication method that can be swiftly adopted for research and engineering. After presenting the characterization of the graded-index profiles via basic structures, we demonstrate two different optical devices: volume holograms that are superimposed using angular and peristrophic multiplexing, and optical waveguides with well-defined refractive index profiles. In the latter, we precisely control the propagating modes via tuning the (3 + 1)D-printed waveguide parameters and report step-index and graded-index core–cladding transitions.
ISSN:2334-2536
2334-2536
DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.433475