Advances in 2D Materials for Infrared Photodetection: Synthesis, Heterostructures, and Device Innovations

• Published in: Advanced Physics Research Vol. 4; no. 8
• Main Authors: Jiang, Mingjia, Kong, Denan, Zhang, Minghao, Lan, He, Hu, Qingmei, Zhou, Yao, Zhou, Jiadong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley-VCH 01.08.2025
• Subjects: 2D materials; bandgap tunability; infrared photodetectors; photoelectric mechanisms; synthesis methods; Van der Waals heterostructures
• ISSN: 2751-1200; 2751-1200
• DOI: 10.1002/apxr.202400199

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as transformative candidates for infrared photodetection, showcasing exceptional properties such as high carrier mobility, tunable bandgaps, and strong light‐matter interactions. Despite their potential, challenges remain in achieving broadband spectral responses (e.g., ultraviolet to far‐infrared), minimizing dark currents (<10−10 A), and maximizing on/off ratios (>103). This review explores recent advancements in synthesis techniques, intrinsic material properties, and the design of innovative heterostructures to address these issues. Key topics include van der Waals heterostructures, photodetection mechanisms, and mixed‐dimensional device architectures. Additionally, challenges in scalable fabrication are highlighted and artificial intelligence driven material discovery is proposed as a pathway toward practical applications in commercial infrared detection. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials with unique properties are emerging as promising candidates for infrared photodetection. This review highlights recent advances in the field, focusing on material properties and categories, scalable synthetic strategies, innovative device architectures, and operating mechanisms with key performance parameters.These advancements underline the transformative potential of 2D materials in next‐generation infrared photodetectors.